Nokea
The nurse is caring for a child with Kawasaki disease (KD). A student nurse asks if there are medications to treat this disease. The nurse's response is:
- A. Immunoglobulin G and aspirin
- B. Immunoglobulin G and ACE inhibitors
- C. Immunoglobulin E and heparin
- D. Immunoglobulin E and ibuprofen
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: High-dose IV immunoglobulin G along with high-dose aspirin (salicylate therapy) is the current treatment for KD.
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Renin:
- A. Is secreted mainly in extrarenal tissues
- B. Secretion increases on lying supine
- C. Secretion increases with potassium
- D. Converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Renin is an enzyme produced by the kidneys that converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II which plays a key role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance. The other options are incorrect because renin is not mainly secreted in extrarenal tissues its secretion does not increase on lying supine or with potassium and it does not regulate osmolality.
A child develops carditis from rheumatic fever. Which areas of the heart are affected by carditis?
- A. Coronary arteries
- B. Heart muscle and the mitral valve
- C. Aortic and pulmonic valves
- D. Contractility of the ventricles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The tissues that cover the heart and heart valves are affected. The heart muscle may be involved and the mitral valve is frequently involved.
A female client who received partial-thickness and full-thickness burns over 40% of her body in a house fire is admitted to the inpatient burn unit. What fluid should the nurse prepare to administer during the acute phase of the client's burn recovery?
- A. Ringer's Lactate
- B. Normal Saline.
- C. Dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
- D. Hypertonic saline
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ringer's Lactate is the preferred fluid for burn resuscitation, as it helps maintain electrolyte balance and fluid volume.
In protein energy malnutrition:
- A. Albumin is typically low
- B. RT3 levels are decreased
- C. There is increased reaction to tuberculin testing
- D. Fatty liver is a recognised finding
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In protein energy malnutrition, albumin levels typically drop due to a lack of protein intake, leading to hypoalbuminemia and edema.
A nurse assesses a client who had a myocardial infarction and is hypotensive. Which additional assessment finding should the nurse expect?
- A. Heart rate of 120 beats/min
- B. Cool, clammy skin
- C. Oxygen saturation of 90%
- D. Respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A heart rate of 120 beats/min (tachycardia) is a common compensatory response to hypotension following a myocardial infarction, as the body attempts to maintain cardiac output.