Introduction to Maternity and Pediatric Nursing Test Bank

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The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving antibiotics to treat a gram-negative bacterial infection. Because antibiotics destroy the body's normal flora, the nurse must monitor the client for:

  • A. Platelet dysfunction
  • B. Stomatitis
  • C. Oliguria and dysuria
  • D. Diarrhea
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When a client is receiving antibiotics to treat an infection, especially a gram-negative bacterial infection, the antibiotics may disrupt the balance of normal flora in the gastrointestinal tract. This disruption can lead to an overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, resulting in diarrhea. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is a common complication of antibiotic therapy due to the disruption of normal gut flora. Therefore, the nurse must monitor the client for signs and symptoms of diarrhea and intervene promptly to prevent complications such as dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Platelet dysfunction, stomatitis, and oliguria/dysuria are not typically associated with the destruction of normal flora due to antibiotic therapy for a gram-negative bacterial infection.

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A client is undergoing test for multiple myeloma. Diagnostic study findings in multiple Myeloma includes:

  • A. A decreased serum creatinine level.
  • B. Bence jones protein in the urine.
  • C. Hypocalcemia.
  • D. A low serum protein level.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Diagnostic study findings in multiple myeloma often include the presence of Bence Jones protein in the urine. Bence Jones protein is a type of abnormal protein (immunoglobulin light chain) produced by the abnormal plasma cells in multiple myeloma. Its presence in the urine can be detected through urine protein electrophoresis and is a characteristic feature of the disease. Other common findings in multiple myeloma include hypercalcemia, elevated serum creatinine level, and high serum protein level due to the excess production of monoclonal immunoglobulins.

An infant has been diagnosed with cow's milk allergy. What are the clinical manifestations the nurse expects to assess? (Select all that apply.)

  • A. Pink mucous membranes
  • B. Vomiting
  • C. Rhinitis
  • D. Abdominal pain
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pink mucous membranes are not a typical clinical manifestation of cow's milk allergy. Allergies often present with symptoms affecting the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, skin, or a combination of these systems.

The nurse understands that labyrinthitis is treated primarily with which of the ff. drug categories?

  • A. Antihistamines
  • B. Anti-inflammatories
  • C. Antispasmotics
  • D. Antiemetics
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Labyrinthitis is an inner ear disorder that is often caused by a viral infection. Antihistamines are commonly used in the treatment of labyrinthitis to help reduce symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Antihistamines work by blocking the effects of histamine, which is a chemical in the body that can cause these symptoms. Additionally, antihistamines can help alleviate any associated allergies or inflammation in the inner ear that may be contributing to the condition. Other treatment options for labyrinthitis may include vestibular rehabilitation exercises, antiemetics for nausea and vomiting, and medications to manage dizziness.

The nurse understands that which of the ff. best describes the action of propanolol (Inderal)?

  • A. It increases heart rate
  • B. It decreases fluid volume
  • C. It decreases cardiac output
  • D. It increases cardiac contractility
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Propranolol (Inderal) is a non-selective beta-blocker that works by blocking beta receptors in the heart and blood vessels. By blocking these receptors, propranolol decreases the effects of adrenaline, leading to a decrease in heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output. This results in a reduction in the workload of the heart, making it an effective medication for conditions such as hypertension, angina, and certain types of arrhythmias. Overall, the action of propranolol leads to a decrease in cardiac output, contrary to the options that suggest an increase in heart rate, fluid volume, or cardiac contractility.

Which food should be avoided by the patient on a low-sodium diet?

  • A. Apples
  • B. Chicken
  • C. Cheese
  • D. Broccoli
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cheese is high in sodium and should be avoided by patients on a low-sodium diet. It is a common source of hidden sodium in many diets. Other high-sodium foods that should be limited or avoided include processed meats, canned soups, processed snacks, and condiments. Patients should focus on eating fresh fruits and vegetables, lean proteins like chicken (with no added salt), and whole grains to maintain a low-sodium diet.

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