Nokea
The nurse is caring for a patient who has had a total hip replacement and is using an abductor wedge. For which finding should the nurse assess?
- A. Muscle spasms
- B. Alteration in peripheral circulation
- C. Compression fracture
- D. Appropriateness of the size of the wedge
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Alteration in peripheral circulation. The abductor wedge can affect blood flow to the legs, leading to potential complications like deep vein thrombosis. The nurse should assess for signs of impaired circulation such as color changes, temperature differences, and peripheral pulses. Muscle spasms (A) may occur due to the surgery but are not directly related to the wedge. Compression fracture (C) is not typically a concern with an abductor wedge. Assessing the appropriateness of the wedge size (D) is important but not as critical as monitoring for alterations in peripheral circulation.
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What condition is associated with C1q deficiency?
- A. Cancer
- B. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- C. HIV/AIDS
- D. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: C1q is a component of the classical complement pathway, crucial for immune complex clearance. Its deficiency is associated with SLE due to impaired immune complex removal, leading to autoantibody deposition and inflammation. Cancer, HIV/AIDS, and COPD are not directly linked to C1q deficiency.
Which of the following is the main reason why older clients with AIDS need more care than their younger counterparts?
- A. Because older clients lack in balanced diet and activity
- B. Because older clients lack knowledge about disorders
- C. Because older clients have a faster progression of disease
- D. Because older clients do not generally adhere to a therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Older clients with AIDS often experience a faster progression of the disease due to age-related declines in immune function.
Which pairing of immune response type and immune response feature is not correct?
- A. Innate: Acts rapidly
- B. Adaptive: Results in memory
- C. Innate: Mediated by lymphocytes
- D. Adaptive: Can distinguish between specific pathogens
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because innate immune response is not mediated by lymphocytes. Innate response involves physical barriers, such as skin and mucous membranes, and cells like macrophages and neutrophils. Lymphocytes are part of the adaptive immune response, which is characterized by specificity and memory. Choice A is correct as the innate response acts rapidly due to pre-existing mechanisms. Choice B is correct as adaptive response results in memory cells for quicker response upon re-exposure. Choice D is correct as adaptive response can recognize and respond to specific pathogens through antigen recognition.
The bacterial cytoplasmic membrane contains:
- A. ester-linked phospholipids, but no sterols
- B. ester-linked phospholipids and sterols
- C. ether-linked phospholipids, but no sterols
- D. ether-linked phospholipids, sulfolipids, and glycolipids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because bacterial cytoplasmic membranes typically contain ester-linked phospholipids but no sterols. Ester-linked phospholipids are the main component of bacterial cell membranes, providing structure and function. Sterols, like cholesterol, are not commonly found in bacterial membranes. Choice B is incorrect because sterols are not present in bacterial membranes. Choice C is incorrect because ether-linked phospholipids are more commonly found in archaea, not bacteria. Choice D is incorrect because sulfolipids and glycolipids are not primary components of bacterial cytoplasmic membranes.
Which of the following statements is NOT true? The SARS coronavirus
- A. Caused an epidemic in 2003 that registered 10% mortality rate
- B. Caused an acute infection of the lungs classified as acute respiratory distress syndrome
- C. Is also the causal agent of MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome)
- D. Is thought to have been transmitted from bats to civets and from civets to humans
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the statement that SARS coronavirus is also the causal agent of MERS is false. MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) is caused by a different coronavirus called MERS-CoV. SARS-CoV caused the 2003 epidemic with a 10% mortality rate, which aligns with statement A. Statement B is correct as SARS-CoV does cause an acute infection of the lungs known as acute respiratory distress syndrome. Statement D is also true as SARS-CoV is believed to have been transmitted from bats to civets and then to humans. Therefore, the incorrect statement is C.