Nokea
The nurse is preparing an injection for an individual who requires passive immunity. In which situation would passive immunity be indicated?
- A. For permanent immunity against a disease
- B. To overcome an allergic reaction that is relatively mild
- C. To have ready-made antibodies after an exposure to pathogens
- D. As a booster dose to stimulate the production of specific antibodies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Passive immunity is indicated when an individual needs immediate protection with ready-made antibodies after exposure to pathogens. This is the correct answer (C) as it provides immediate defense without waiting for the body to produce its antibodies. Choice A is incorrect because passive immunity is temporary, not permanent. Choice B is incorrect as it addresses treating allergic reactions, not providing immunity. Choice D is incorrect as a booster dose stimulates the body to produce its antibodies, not providing ready-made antibodies.
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Which part of an antibody determines its antigen specificity?
- A. Fc fragment
- B. Fab region
- C. Heavy chain constant region
- D. Light chain constant region
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fab region. The Fab region of an antibody contains the antigen-binding site, where specific interactions with antigens occur. This region is formed by the variable regions of both the heavy and light chains. The Fc fragment (choice A) is responsible for effector functions, not antigen specificity. The heavy chain constant region (choice C) and light chain constant region (choice D) are not involved in antigen binding, but rather provide structural support and determine the antibody class. Therefore, the Fab region is crucial for antigen specificity due to its variable regions that directly interact with antigens.
Which characteristics are seen with acute transplant rejection (select all that apply)?
- A. Treatment is supportive
- B. Only occurs with transplanted kidneys
- C. Organ must be removed when it occurs
- D. The recipient’s T cytotoxic lymphocytes attack the foreign organ
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acute transplant rejection involves the recipient's T cytotoxic lymphocytes attacking the transplanted organ, requiring immunosuppressive therapy.
A confirmatory lab test for HIV includes:
- A. Western blot.
- B. Low WBC.
- C. Comprehensive metabolic panel.
- D. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Western blot test is considered the gold standard for confirming HIV infection after initial screening tests like ELISA. Low WBC and comprehensive metabolic panels are not specific to HIV diagnosis.
The nurse realizes that the patient understands the teaching about decreasing the risk for antibiotic-resistant infection when the patient says which of the following?
- A. I know I should take the antibiotic for one day after I feel better.
- B. I want an antibiotic ordered for my cold so I can feel better sooner.
- C. I always save some pills because I get the illness again after I first feel better.
- D. I will follow the directions for taking the antibiotic so I will get over this infection.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Following the prescribed regimen ensures complete eradication of the infection and reduces the risk of resistance development.
Which of the following white blood cells is small,present in blood and migrates to tissue as necessary?
- A. Neutrophils
- B. Leukocytes
- C. Monocytes
- D. Lymphocytes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lymphocytes are small white blood cells that circulate in the blood and migrate to tissues as needed to participate in immune responses.