Nokea
The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The patient asks about the best way to prevent respiratory infections. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. "Take a yearly flu shot and avoid crowds during flu season."
- B. "Increase your use of nebulizer treatments to keep your lungs clear."
- C. "Take vitamin C to boost your immune system."
- D. "Use an antibiotic regularly to prevent infections."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: The nurse's response should focus on preventing respiratory infections in a patient with COPD.
Step 2: Yearly flu shots are recommended to prevent influenza, a common trigger for respiratory infections in COPD.
Step 3: Avoiding crowds during flu season reduces exposure to pathogens, further preventing infections.
Step 4: Increasing nebulizer treatments does not directly prevent infections but may help manage COPD symptoms.
Step 5: Vitamin C may have some benefits but is not a primary preventive measure for respiratory infections in COPD.
Step 6: Regular antibiotic use is not recommended to prevent infections due to the risk of antibiotic resistance and potential side effects.
Conclusion: Option A is the best response as it includes evidence-based strategies to prevent respiratory infections in a patient with COPD.
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What is a postoperative nursing intervention for the obese patient who has undergone bariatric surgery?
- A. Irrigating and repositioning the nasogastric (NG) tube as needed
- B. Delaying ambulation until the patient has enough strength to support self
- C. Keeping the patient positioned on the side to facilitate respiratory function
- D. Providing adequate support to the incision during coughing, deep breathing, and turning
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because providing adequate support to the incision during coughing, deep breathing, and turning is essential postoperatively to prevent complications such as wound dehiscence or infection in obese patients who have undergone bariatric surgery. Supporting the incision helps reduce stress on the surgical site and promotes proper healing.
Choice A is incorrect because irrigating and repositioning the nasogastric tube is not a specific nursing intervention related to the care of the incision after bariatric surgery.
Choice B is incorrect because delaying ambulation can increase the risk of complications such as deep vein thrombosis and pneumonia in postoperative obese patients.
Choice C is incorrect because keeping the patient positioned on the side to facilitate respiratory function is important, but it is not directly related to supporting the incision during activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure.
A patient comes to the hospital complaining of vomiting and diarrhoea. The doctor suggested that the patient take glucose and electrolyte solution orally. Which one of following membrane proteins is likely to be involved in rehydrating the patient?
- A. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR)
- B. Sodium glucose transporter protein! (SGLT1)
- C. Insulin receptor protein (IRP)
- D. Sucrase-isomaltase protein (SIP)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sodium glucose transporter protein 1 (SGLT1). SGLT1 is responsible for the active transport of glucose and sodium across the intestinal membrane. When a patient is experiencing vomiting and diarrhea, they are losing fluids and electrolytes. By taking a glucose and electrolyte solution orally, the SGLT1 protein helps in the reabsorption of glucose and sodium to facilitate rehydration.
Incorrect choices:
A: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) is associated with cystic fibrosis and does not play a direct role in rehydration.
C: Insulin receptor protein (IRP) is involved in glucose uptake regulation in response to insulin, not rehydration.
D: Sucrase-isomaltase protein (SIP) is involved in the breakdown of sugars in the small intestine, not rehydration.
What is a common complication following a laparoscopic cholecystectomy?
- A. Bile leak
- B. Wound infection
- C. Deep vein thrombosis
- D. Pulmonary embolism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bile leak. After a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, bile leak is a common complication due to injury to the bile ducts during surgery. This can lead to abdominal pain, infection, and other serious complications. Wound infection (B) is less common in laparoscopic surgeries. Deep vein thrombosis (C) and pulmonary embolism (D) are more associated with prolonged immobility post-surgery, which is less of a concern in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Saliva decreases gingivitis and caries because it contains immunoglobulin A and
- A. lysozymes.
- B. mucus.
- C. salivary amylase.
- D. water.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: lysozymes. Lysozymes in saliva help to break down bacterial cell walls, reducing the risk of gingivitis and caries. Immunoglobulin A helps to fight off harmful bacteria. Salivary amylase aids in digestion, not in preventing gingivitis or caries. Mucus and water in saliva do not directly contribute to the reduction of gingivitis or caries.
A 22-yr-old female patient with an exacerbation of ulcerative colitis is having 15 to 20 stools daily and has excoriated perianal skin. Which patient behavior indicates that teaching regarding maintenance of skin integrity has been effective?
- A. The patient uses incontinence briefs to contain loose stools.
- B. The patient uses witch hazel compresses to soothe irritation.
- C. The patient asks for antidiarrheal medication after each stool.
- D. The patient cleans the perianal area with soap after each stool.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The patient uses witch hazel compresses to soothe irritation. Witch hazel has astringent and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce inflammation and soothe irritated skin. By using witch hazel compresses, the patient is actively taking steps to alleviate discomfort and promote skin healing.
A: The patient using incontinence briefs to contain loose stools does not address the issue of skin integrity maintenance and may lead to prolonged exposure of the skin to stool, exacerbating the problem.
C: Asking for antidiarrheal medication after each stool does not directly address the need for skin integrity maintenance. While it may help reduce stool frequency, it does not specifically target skin healing.
D: Cleaning the perianal area with soap after each stool can be harsh on the already excoriated skin and may further irritate it. Using soap can strip the skin of its natural oils and hinder the healing process.