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The nurse is caring for a pregnant patient who has a history of gestational hypertension. Which intervention is most important to reduce the risk of complications?
- A. Monitor blood pressure regularly during pregnancy.
- B. Encourage the patient to exercise vigorously.
- C. Instruct the patient to eat a high-sodium diet.
- D. Advise the patient to reduce her fluid intake to avoid edema.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitor blood pressure regularly during pregnancy. Regular monitoring is crucial to detect any changes in blood pressure early and intervene promptly to prevent complications like preeclampsia.
Choice B is incorrect because vigorous exercise can increase blood pressure. Choice C is incorrect as a high-sodium diet can worsen hypertension. Choice D is incorrect as reducing fluid intake can lead to dehydration and potentially exacerbate hypertension. Regular blood pressure monitoring is key in managing gestational hypertension and ensuring the best outcomes for both the mother and the baby.
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The normal volume of amniotic fluid is approximately _______________ mL at 37 weeks’ gestation.
- A. 1000
- B. 0.1
- C. 100
- D. 10000
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The volume of amniotic fluid steadily increases throughout pregnancy, reaching approximately 1000 mL at 37 weeks. This fluid is crucial for maintaining a stable environment for fetal development.
A nurse is assessing a postpartum person for signs of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). What is the most common sign of DVT in the postpartum period?
- A. Swelling and redness of the calf
- B. Pain in the lower leg
- C. Heat intolerance
- D. Cold intolerance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Swelling and redness of the calf. Postpartum women are at a higher risk for DVT due to hormonal changes and immobility. Swelling and redness in the calf indicate possible DVT as blood clots can cause inflammation and blockage in the veins. Pain in the lower leg (B) is a common symptom but not the most specific for DVT. Heat intolerance (C) and cold intolerance (D) are not typically associated with DVT and are unrelated symptoms in this context.
A biophysical profile is performed on a pregnant patient. The results show a nonreactive stress test (NST), three episodes of fetal breathing movements (FBMs), limited gross movements, opening and closing of the hand indicating the presence of fetal tone, and adequate amniotic fluid index (AFI). What is the correct interpretation of this test result?
- A. A score of 10 would indicate that the results are equivocal.
- B. A score of 8 would indicate normal results.
- C. A score of 6 would indicate that birth should be considered as a possible treatment option.
- D. A score of 9 would indicate reassurance.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A biophysical profile score of 8-10 is considered normal, indicating fetal well-being.
Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing action for a patient who has been administered an epidural block and is now experiencing hypotension?
- A. Administer a bolus of IV fluids
- B. Place the patient in a Trendelenburg position
- C. Administer oxygen via mask
- D. Raise the head of the bed slightly
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer a bolus of IV fluids. Hypotension after an epidural block is often due to vasodilation caused by the block. Administering IV fluids can help increase blood volume and improve blood pressure. This action is crucial in maintaining perfusion to vital organs.
Choice B: Placing the patient in a Trendelenburg position can potentially worsen hypotension by increasing venous return to the heart, leading to further vasodilation and reduced blood pressure.
Choice C: Administering oxygen via mask may be important in some situations but is not the primary intervention for hypotension caused by epidural block.
Choice D: Raising the head of the bed slightly is not the best option for treating hypotension as it does not address the underlying cause of vasodilation and decreased blood pressure.
A patient in labor is undergoing an epidural block and is given intravenous fluid. What is the purpose of this?
- A. To treat hypotension that results from hemorrhage
- B. To increase urine output
- C. To treat insensible fluid losses
- D. To treat hypotension that results from sympathetic blockade
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: To treat hypotension that results from sympathetic blockade. When an epidural block is administered during labor, sympathetic blockade can lead to a drop in blood pressure. By providing intravenous fluid, the goal is to increase preload and maintain blood pressure to counteract the hypotension caused by sympathetic blockade.
A: Treating hypotension from hemorrhage is not the primary purpose in this scenario.
B: Increasing urine output is not the main goal of giving intravenous fluid during an epidural block.
C: Treating insensible fluid losses is not the immediate concern when a patient is experiencing hypotension from sympathetic blockade.