Nokea
The nurse is caring for a young adult male with a traumatic brain injury and severe disabilities caused by a motor vehicle accident when he was an adolescent. Where does the nurse often provide care for patients like this young adult?
- A. Adult day-care facilities
- B. Step-down units
- C. Medical-surgical units
- D. Pediatric units
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients with preexisting disabilities due to conditions that have been present from birth or due to illnesses or injuries experienced as an adolescent or young adult often require health care and nursing care in medical-surgical settings. Step-down units provide care between the ICU setting and the regular units. Pediatric units provide care for patients aged 19 and younger. Adult day care may or may not be appropriate.
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During the care conference for a patient who has multiple chronic conditions, the case manager has alluded to the principles of the interface model of disability. What statement is most characteristic of this model?
- A. This patient should be free to plan his care without our interference.
- B. This patient can be empowered and doesnt have to be dependent.
- C. This patient was a very different person before the emergence of these health problems.
- D. This patients physiological problems are the priority over his psychosocial status.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The interface model focuses on care that is empowering rather than care that promotes dependency. The other listed statements are inconsistent with the principles of the interface model.
A community health nurse has drafted a program that will address the health promotion needs of members of the community who live with one or more disabilities. Which of the following areas of health promotion education is known to be neglected among adults with disabilities?
- A. Blood pressure screening
- B. Diabetes testing
- C. Nutrition
- D. Sexual health
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Health promotion interventions addressing sexual health in disabled individuals are necessary but rare. Blood pressure testing, diabetes testing, and nutrition are not known to constitute such a gap in health promotion teaching.
An international nurse has noted that a trend in developing countries is a decrease in mortality from some acute conditions. This has corresponded with an increase in the incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases. What has contributed to this decrease in mortality from some acute conditions?
- A. Improved nutrition
- B. Integration of alternative health practices
- C. Stronger international security measures
- D. Decrease in obesity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In developing countries, chronic conditions have become the major cause of health-related problems due to improved nutrition, immunizations, and prompt and aggressive management of acute conditions. The integration of alternative health practices has not contributed to a decrease in mortality. Stronger international security measures have not contributed to a decrease in mortality. Obesity has not decreased, even in developing countries.
A patient has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The patient is clinically obese and has a sedentary lifestyle. How can the nurse best begin to help the patient increase his activity level?
- A. Set up appointment times at a local fitness center for the patient to attend.
- B. Have a family member ensure the patient follows a suggested exercise plan.
- C. Construct an exercise program and have the patient follow it.
- D. Identify barriers with the patient that inhibit his lifestyle change.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nurses cannot expect that sedentary patients are going to develop a sudden passion for exercise and that they will easily rearrange their day to accommodate time-consuming exercise plans. The patient may not be ready or willing to accept this lifestyle change. This is why it is important that the nurse and patient identify barriers to change.
A nurse is aware that the number of people in the United States who are living with disabilities is expected to continue increasing. What is considered to be one of the factors contributing to this increase?
- A. The decrease in the number of people with early-onset disabilities
- B. The increased inability to cure chronic disorders
- C. Changes in infection patterns resulting from antibiotic resistance
- D. Increased survival rates among people who experience trauma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The number of people with disabilities is expected to increase over time as people with early-onset disabilities, chronic disorders, and severe trauma survive and have normal or near-normal lifespans. There has not been a decrease in the number of people with early-onset disabilities. Acquired chronic disorders still cannot be cured.