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The nurse is clarifying information to a patient regarding diagnosis-related groups (DRGs). What is the nurse's best response when the patient asks how DRGs reduce medical care costs?
- A. By determining payment based on diagnosis
- B. By requiring two medical opinions to confirm a diagnosis
- C. By organizing HMOs
- D. By defining a person who will require hospitalization
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: DRGs determine the amount of payment and length of hospital stay based on the diagnosis.
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Practical nursing students are using critical thinking skills to study for an upcoming test. What will these students include when studying? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Memorization of facts first
- B. Prioritizing information
- C. Relating facts to other facts
- D. Making assumptions
- E. Reviewing before the test
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Using critical thinking when studying involves understanding facts before memor?Ž???µ?³?¾ memorizing, prioritizing information to be memorized, relating facts to other facts, using all five senses, reviewing before tests, and reading critically. Critical thinking does not involve assumption as does general thinking.
An urban area has been reported to have a high perinatal mortality rate. What information does this provide?
- A. Maternal and infant deaths per 100,000 live births per year
- B. Deaths of fetuses weighing more than $500 \mathrm{~g}$ per 10,000 births per year
- C. Deaths of infants up to 1 year of age per 1000 live births per year
- D. Fetal and neonatal deaths per 1000 live births per year
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The perinatal mortality rate includes fetal and neonatal deaths per 1000 live births per year.
What term appropriately describes the nurse who is able to adapt health care practices to meet the needs of various cultures?
- A. Culturally aware
- B. Culturally sensitive
- C. Culturally competent
- D. Culturally adaptive
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse who is able to adapt health care to meet the needs of various cultures is said to be culturally competent.
What guidelines define multidisciplinary patient care in terms of expected outcome and timeframe from different areas of care provision?
- A. Clinical pathways
- B. Nursing outcome criteria
- C. Standards of care
- D. Nursing care plan
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clinical pathways, also known as critical pathways or care maps, are collaborative guidelines that define patient care across disciplines. Expected progress within a specified timeline is identified.
What is one major advantage to the application of critical thinking?
- A. Problem-free care
- B. Limitation of approaches to care
- C. Decreased need for assessment
- D. Problem prevention
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Critical thinking results in problem prevention in designing nursing care.