Nokea
The nurse is conducting an assessment of fine motor development in a 3-year-old child. Which is the expected drawing skill for this age?
- A. Can draw a complete stick figure
- B. Holds the instrument with the fist
- C. Can copy a triangle and diamond
- D. Can copy a circle and imitate a cross
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A 3-year-old child copies a circle and imitates a cross and vertical and horizontal lines. He or she holds the writing instrument with the fingers rather than the fist. A 3-year-old is not able to draw a complete stick figure but draws a circle, later adds facial features, and by age 5 or 6 years can draw several parts (head, arms, legs, body, and facial features). Copying a triangle and diamond are mastered sometime between ages 5 and 6 years.
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What signals the resolution of the Oedipus or Electra complex?
- A. Learns sex differences
- B. Learns sexually appropriate behavior
- C. Identifies with the same-sex parent
- D. Has guilt over feelings toward the father or mother
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The resolution of the Oedipus or Electra complex is identification with the same-sex parent. Learning sex differences and sexually appropriate behavior is a goal in further differentiation of oneself but does not signal the resolution of the Oedipus or Electra complex. Guilt over feelings toward the father or mother is seen as a stage in the complex, not the resolution.
What dysfunctional speech pattern is a normal characteristic of the language development of a preschool child?
- A. Lisp
- B. Echolalia
- C. Stammering
- D. Repetition without meaning
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stammering and stuttering are normal dysfluency in preschool-age children. Lisps are not a normal characteristic of language development. Echolalia and repetition are traits of toddlers language.
The nurse is planning to bring a preschool child a toy from the playroom. What toy is appropriate for this age group?
- A. Building blocks
- B. A 500-piece puzzle
- C. Paint by number picture
- D. Farm animals and equipment
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most characteristic and pervasive preschooler activity is imitative, imaginative, and dramatic play. Farm animals and equipment would provide hours of self-expression. Building blocks are appropriate for older infants and toddlers. A 500-piece puzzle or a paint by number picture would be appropriate for a school-age child.
A child age 4 1/2 years sometimes wakes her parents up at night screaming, thrashing, sweating, and apparently frightened, yet she is not aware of her parents presence when they check on her. She lies down and sleeps without any parental intervention. This is most likely what?
- A. Nightmare
- B. Sleep terror
- C. Sleep apnea
- D. Seizure activity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This is a description of a sleep terror. The child is observed during the episode and not disturbed unless there is a possibility of injury. A child who awakes from a nightmare is distressed. She is aware of and reassured by the parents presence. This is not the case with sleep apnea. This behavior is not indicative of seizure activity.
The parent of a 4-year-old boy tells the nurse that the child believes monsters and bogeymen are in his bedroom at night. What is the nurses best suggestion for coping with this problem?
- A. Let the child sleep with his parents.
- B. Keep a night light on in the childs bedroom.
- C. Help the child understand that these fears are illogical.
- D. Tell the child that monsters and bogeymen do not exist.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Involve the child in problem solving. A night light shows a child that imaginary creatures do not lurk in the darkness. Letting the child sleep with his parents will not get rid of the fears. A 4-year-old child is in the preconceptual stage and cannot understand logical thought.