Nokea
Which type of play is most typical of the preschool period?
- A. Team
- B. Parallel
- C. Solitary
- D. Associative
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Associative play is group play in similar or identical activities but without rigid organization or rules. School-age children play in teams. Parallel play is that of toddlers. Solitary play is that of infants.
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The nurse is explaining the preconventional stage of moral development to a group of nursing students. What characterizes this stage?
- A. Children in this stage focus on following the rules.
- B. Children in this stage live up to social expectations and roles.
- C. Children in this stage have a concrete sense of justice and fairness.
- D. Children in this stage have little, if any, concern for why something is wrong.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Young childrens development of moral judgment is at the most basic level in the preconventional stage. They have little, if any, concern for why something is wrong. Following the rules, living up to social expectations, and having a concrete sense of justice and fairness are characteristics in the conventional stage.
In terms of cognitive development, a 5-year-old child should be expected to do which?
- A. Think abstractly.
- B. Use magical thinking.
- C. Understand conservation of matter.
- D. Understand another persons perspective.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Magical thinking is believing that thoughts can cause events. An example is thinking of the death of a parent might cause it to happen. Abstract thought does not develop until the school-age years. The concept of conservation is the cognitive task of school-age children, ages 5 to 7 years. A 5-year-old child cannot understand another persons perspective.
During a well-child visit, the father of a 4-year-old boy tells the nurse that he is not sure if his son is ready for kindergarten. The boys birthday is close to the cut-off date, and he has not attended preschool. What is the nurses best recommendation?
- A. Start kindergarten.
- B. Talk to other parents about readiness.
- C. Perform a developmental screening.
- D. Postpone kindergarten and go to preschool.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A developmental assessment with a screening tool that addresses cognitive, social, and physical milestones can help identify children who may need further assessment. A readiness assessment involves an evaluation of skill acquisition. Stating the child should start kindergarten or go to preschool and postpone kindergarten does not address the fathers concerns about readiness for school. Talking to other parents about readiness does not ascertain if the child is ready and does not address the fathers concerns.
A child age 4 1/2 years sometimes wakes her parents up at night screaming, thrashing, sweating, and apparently frightened, yet she is not aware of her parents presence when they check on her. She lies down and sleeps without any parental intervention. This is most likely what?
- A. Nightmare
- B. Sleep terror
- C. Sleep apnea
- D. Seizure activity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This is a description of a sleep terror. The child is observed during the episode and not disturbed unless there is a possibility of injury. A child who awakes from a nightmare is distressed. She is aware of and reassured by the parents presence. This is not the case with sleep apnea. This behavior is not indicative of seizure activity.
At a seminar for parents with preschool-age children, the nurse has discussed anticipatory tasks during the preschool years. Which statement by a parent should indicate a correct understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should be worried if my 4-year-old child has an increase in sexual curiosity because this is a sign of sexual abuse.
- B. I should expect my 5-year-old to change from a tranquil child to an aggressive child when school starts.
- C. I should be concerned if my 4-year-old child starts telling exaggerated stories and has an imaginary playmate, since these could be signs of stress.
- D. I should expect my 3-year-old child to have a more stable appetite and an increase in food selections.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A 3-year-old child exhibits a more stable appetite than during the toddler years and is more willing to try different foods. A 4-year-old child is imaginative and indulges in telling tall tales and may have an imaginary playmate; these are normal findings, not signs of stress. Also a 4-year-old child has an increasing curiosity in sexuality, which is not a sign of child abuse. A 5-year-old child is usually tranquil, not aggressive like a 4-year-old child.