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The nurse is discussing gene therapy in a continuing education class. Which is the best definition of eugenics?
- A. The use of gene therapy to prevent disease
- B. The development of new drugs based on gene therapy
- C. Intentional selection, before birth, of genotypes that are considered more desirable than others
- D. The determination of genetic factors that influence a person's response to medications
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Eugenics is the intentional selection of genotypes, before birth, that are considered more desirable than others, and it is a major ethical issue concerning gene therapy. The other options do not describe eugenics.
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A patient has just been told that she has the genetic markers for a severe type of breast cancer. After the patient meets with the physician, the patient's daughter asks the nurse, -What did the doctor tell my mother? She seems upset.I What is the nurse's best response?
- A. I'm sorry, but I'm not allowed to discuss that.
- B. The physician will discuss this with you.
- C. It seems that your mother has the genetic markers for a type of breast cancer.
- D. This is information that your mother will need to discuss with you.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Maintaining privacy and confidentiality is of utmost importance during genetic testing and counseling. The patient (not the nurse or the physician) is the one who decides whether to include or exclude any family members from the discussion and from knowledge of the results of genetic testing. Telling the patient's daughter that you are not allowed to discuss the matter would cause more anxiety. Telling the daughter about the genetic markers would be a violation of the patient's privacy.
The nurse is asking a patient about his drug history, and the patient states, - Whenever I take any strong pain medications, I usually sleep for hours, I have no idea why that happens!! The nurse considers that which of these is true about this patient's statement?
- A. The patient is exaggerating about a normal side effect of pain medications.
- B. The patient's reaction to pain medications may point to a difference in his ability to metabolize certain drugs.
- C. The patient will need higher doses of medication for pain control.
- D. The patient should never receive strong pain medications.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It is important to inquire about any unusual reactions to a drug - on the part of the patient, family members, significant others, and/or caregivers. An unusual or other than expected reaction to a drug in family members may point to a difference in the patient's ability to metabolize certain drugs. Genetic factors may alter a patient's metabolism of a particular drug, resulting in either increased or decreased drug action. The other statements are not correct.
The nurse is preparing a class on gene therapy for a group of students. Which statements about gene therapy are true?
- A. The FDA must review and approve all human clinical genetic trials.
- B. Gene therapy may involve creating new genes within a human.
- C. Gene therapy may involve replacing a mutated gene with a healthy copy of the gene.
- D. Some trials involve introducing a new gene into the body to help fight disease.
- E. Gene therapy may include inactivating a mutated gene that is not functioning properly.
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Gene therapy may include: Replacing a mutated gene with a healthy copy of the gene; introducing a new gene into the body to help fight a disease; inactivating a mutated gene that is functioning improperly. In addition, the FDA must review and approve all human clinical genetic trials. Gene therapy does not include creating new genes.
The nurse is reviewing the applications of gene therapy. Which drug is manufactured as a result of indirect gene therapy?
- A. Vitamin K
- B. Warfarin
- C. Human insulin
- D. Heparin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A recombinant form of human insulin is one of the most widespread uses of indirect gene therapy. Other examples include hormones, vaccines, antitoxins, and monoclonal antibodies. The other options listed are not examples of drugs manufactured by indirect gene therapy.
The nurse is explaining the Human Genome Project to colleagues. Which of these is the main purpose of the Human Genome Project?
- A. The study of genetic diseases
- B. The study of genetic traits in humans
- C. The discovery new genetic diseases
- D. To describe the entire genome of a human being
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Human Genome Project was undertaken to describe in detail the entire genome of a human being. The other options do not describe the Human Genome Project.