Nokea
The nurse is discussing risk factors for endometriosis with a new nurse. Which client would the nurse identify as being at the highest risk for developing endometriosis?
- A. One who smokes one pack per day
- B. One who states her menstrual cycles are irregular
- C. One who states her mother had endometriosis
- D. One who had a previous cesarean section
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because genetics play a significant role in the development of endometriosis. If a client's mother had endometriosis, there is an increased likelihood of her developing the condition. This is due to shared genetic factors that may predispose individuals to endometriosis. Smoking (choice A) is a risk factor for many health conditions but not specifically for endometriosis. Irregular menstrual cycles (choice B) may be a symptom of endometriosis but do not directly increase the risk of developing it. Having a previous cesarean section (choice D) is not a known risk factor for endometriosis.
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Which are risk factors for ovarian cancer? Select all that apply.
- A. Talc use on the perineum
- B. First-degree relative with ovarian cancer
- C. Three or more children
- D. High-fat diet
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Three or more children. Multiparity (having three or more children) has been identified as a protective factor against ovarian cancer due to the repeated ovulation and hormonal changes during pregnancy. A: Talc use on the perineum is not a well-established risk factor. B: Having a first-degree relative with ovarian cancer increases the risk, but it is not as significant as having multiple children. D: High-fat diet has been suggested as a risk factor, but the evidence is not as strong as the protective effect of multiparity.
Which infant is most likely to express Rh incompatibility?
- A. Infant of an Rh-negative mother and a father who is Rh positive and homozygous for the Rh factor.
- B. Infant who is Rh negative and a mother who is Rh negative.
- C. Infant of an Rh-negative mother and a father who is Rh positive and heterozygous for the Rh factor.
- D. Infant who is Rh positive and a mother who is Rh positive.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Rh incompatibility occurs when the mother is Rh-negative and the father is Rh-positive.
2. If the father is homozygous for Rh factor (AA), all offspring will be Rh-positive.
3. The Rh-positive offspring from an Rh-negative mother can lead to Rh incompatibility.
4. Therefore, the infant of an Rh-negative mother and a father who is Rh positive and homozygous for the Rh factor is most likely to express Rh incompatibility.
Summary:
- Choice B is incorrect because both mother and infant are Rh-negative.
- Choice C is incorrect because the father being heterozygous for the Rh factor would not result in all offspring being Rh-positive.
- Choice D is incorrect as both mother and infant are Rh-positive, so there is no risk of Rh incompatibility.
A male client is being seen by a physician at a community clinic regarding a painless ulcer on his penis. The provider will be communicating his diagnosis of syphilis and prescribing treatment. In the primary stage of syphilis, what is the time between infection and development of symptoms?
- A. 7 days
- B. 10 days
- C. 21 days
- D. 35 days
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 21 days. The primary stage of syphilis typically occurs around 21 days after infection when a painless ulcer, known as a chancre, appears at the site of infection. This is due to the multiplication of the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Choice A (7 days) is too short for the development of symptoms. Choice B (10 days) is also too short. Choice D (35 days) is too long for the primary stage of syphilis.
The nurse has completed instructions on ways to improve the client’s symptoms related to her rectocele. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further education?
- A. Weight loss will decrease pressure on the pelvic floor.
- B. Increasing fiber and water in my diet will help prevent constipation.
- C. Heavy lifting will not affect my rectocele.
- D. Kegel exercises will help with pelvic floor strength.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because heavy lifting can worsen rectocele symptoms by putting strain on the pelvic floor muscles. A is correct because weight loss reduces pressure. B is correct because fiber and water prevent constipation. D is correct because Kegel exercises strengthen the pelvic floor.
The nurse is providing education to parents of a child with cleft palate. What will the nurse instruct the parents to report immediately?
- A. Facial paralysis
- B. Ear infections
- C. Increasing intracranial pressure (ICP)
- D. Drooling
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ear infections. Parents of a child with a cleft palate should report ear infections immediately because children with cleft palate are at higher risk for developing ear infections due to issues with Eustachian tube function. Ear infections can lead to hearing loss if left untreated. Facial paralysis (A) is not directly related to cleft palate. Increasing ICP (C) is not typically associated with cleft palate. Drooling (D) is common in children with cleft palate and does not require immediate reporting unless there are other concerning symptoms present.