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The nurse is educating a client about gestational diabetes. What is the best recommendation for managing blood sugar levels?
- A. Avoid all carbohydrates.
- B. Exercise for 60 minutes daily.
- C. Eat balanced meals and monitor blood sugar levels.
- D. Only take insulin when blood sugar is high.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Balanced meals and regular blood sugar monitoring are essential for managing gestational diabetes.
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A parent asks the nurse what makes the opening between the baby's atrium close at birth? The nurse's response is that cardiovascular changes that cause to foramen ovale to close at birth are the direct result of:
- A. Increased pressure in the L atrium (with the increase in the blood flow to the L atrium from the lungs, the pressure is
- C. Increased pressure in the R atrium
- D. Changes in the hepatic blood flow
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The foramen ovale is a normal fetal structure that allows blood to bypass the lungs by shunting blood from the right atrium to the left atrium. This is essential during fetal development since the lungs are not functioning until birth. After birth, when the baby takes its first breaths and the lungs start working, the pressure in the left atrium increases due to the increased blood flow from the pulmonary circulation. This increased pressure in the left atrium causes the foramen ovale to close, preventing blood from flowing from the right atrium to the left atrium. Therefore, the closure of the foramen ovale is a result of the increased pressure in the left atrium rather than any other cardiovascular changes.
What method of heat loss may occur if a newborn is placed on a cold scale or touch with cold hands:
- A. Conduction (occurs when the infant comes in contact with cold objects)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Conduction is the transfer of heat between objects that are in direct contact with each other. In the scenario where a newborn is placed on a cold scale or touched with cold hands, heat loss occurs through conduction. The cold temperature of the scale or hands will draw heat away from the infant's body, leading to a drop in body temperature. It is essential to ensure that newborns are not exposed to cold surfaces or objects for prolonged periods to prevent heat loss through conduction and maintain their body temperature within a safe range.
A nurse is planning care for a client who is pregnant and has HIV. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
- A. Instruct the client to stop taking the antiretroviral medication at 32 weeks of gestation.
- B. Use a fetal scalp electrode during labor and delivery.
- C. Administer a pneumococcal immunization to the newborn within 4 hr. following birth.
- D. Bathe the newborn before initiating skin-to-skin contact
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Administering a pneumococcal immunization to the newborn within 4 hours following birth is a crucial action to include in the plan of care for a pregnant client with HIV. Infants born to HIV-positive mothers are at higher risk for infections, including pneumococcal disease. Administering a pneumococcal vaccine shortly after birth helps protect the newborn from this serious infection. It is important to follow established guidelines for immunizations in newborns of HIV-positive mothers to optimize the infant's health outcomes.
A newborn is delivered vaginally in the breech presentation. When examining her baby, the mother asks if the baby has been injured during birth because of the large black and blue areas on the buttocks and legs, The nurse should respond that:
- A. This is not a birth injury probably just a birthmark
- B. These are caused by forceps used to aid in the delivery of the baby
- C. This a temporary complication that will disappear in about a week
- D. These Mongolian spots, common in dark-skinned babies, disappear within a year
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The large black and blue areas on the buttocks and legs of the newborn are likely Mongolian spots. Mongolian spots are common in infants with dark skin and are not a result of birth trauma. They are benign birthmarks caused by pigment that did not make it to the top layer of the skin before birth. These spots typically fade over time and may disappear completely within a few years. It is important to educate parents about Mongolian spots to alleviate any concerns they may have about their baby's skin markings.
the nurse knows that management of primary dysmenorrhea often requires a multifaceted approach. The nurse who provides are for a client with this condition should be aware that which of the following is the optimal pharmacological therapy for pain relief dysmenorrhea? Management of primary dysmenorrhea often requires a multifaceted approach. The nurse who provides care for a client with this condition should be aware that the optimal pharmacologic therapy for pain relief is:
- A. Acetaminophen.
- B. Oral contraceptives (OCPs). c.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
- C. Aspirin
- D. ampicillin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are considered the optimal pharmacological therapy for pain relief in primary dysmenorrhea. They work by reducing the production of prostaglandins, which are responsible for causing uterine contractions and pain. NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, naproxen, and mefenamic acid are commonly used to alleviate menstrual cramps. Acetaminophen may also provide pain relief, but it does not have the anti-inflammatory properties of NSAIDs. Oral contraceptives (OCPs) can help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce pain in some individuals, but they are not the first line of treatment for immediate pain relief in primary dysmenorrhea. Aspirin, while an NSAID, is not typically recommended for menstrual pain relief due to its potential side effects on blood clotting and gastrointestinal irritation.