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The nurse is educating a client about hysterosalpingograms. Which information should the nurse include in her discussion prior to this procedure?
- A. This procedure is always performed under general anesthesia.
- B. This procedure should be performed after ovulation has occurred.
- C. This procedure involves instillation of a radiopaque dye into the uterine cavity.
- D. After the procedure, the client should take Tylenol to decrease cramping.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
C is correct because hysterosalpingogram involves injecting a radiopaque dye into the uterine cavity to visualize the uterus and fallopian tubes. This helps identify any blockages or abnormalities.
A is incorrect as the procedure is usually done without general anesthesia.
B is incorrect as the procedure is typically scheduled in the early follicular phase.
D is incorrect as Tylenol may not be sufficient for managing post-procedure cramping.
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Of the following karyotype results, which indicates a finding of Turner syndrome?
- A. 46 XY
- B. 46 YY
- C. 46 XX
- D. 46 X
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Certainly. The correct answer is D (46 X) for Turner syndrome. Turner syndrome is characterized by a missing or partially missing X chromosome in females. Therefore, a karyotype of 45,X or 46,X would indicate Turner syndrome. Choice A (46 XY) is a normal male karyotype, B (46 YY) is not a valid karyotype, and C (46 XX) is a normal female karyotype.
A nurse is teaching about lifestyle factors that can affect male fertility. Which recommendation is appropriate?
- A. Limit exposure to high temperatures, such as saunas.
- B. Increase calorie intake to boost sperm production.
- C. Use over-the-counter supplements to improve sperm quality.
- D. Avoid physical activity to conserve energy for reproduction.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Limit exposure to high temperatures, such as saunas. High temperatures can negatively impact sperm production and quality by affecting the testes' ability to regulate temperature. Saunas, hot tubs, and hot baths can increase scrotal temperature, leading to decreased sperm count and motility. This recommendation is appropriate as it addresses a known lifestyle factor that can affect male fertility.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Increasing calorie intake does not necessarily boost sperm production. A balanced diet is important for overall health, but excessive calorie intake may lead to obesity, which can negatively impact fertility.
C: Using over-the-counter supplements may not always improve sperm quality, and some supplements may have negative effects. It's essential to consult a healthcare provider before taking any supplements.
D: Avoiding physical activity is not recommended as moderate exercise is beneficial for overall health and can support sperm production. Physical activity helps maintain a healthy weight, which is important for fertility.
A woman in her 40th week of pregnancy calls the nurse at the clinic and says she is not sure whether she is in true or false labor. Which statement by the client would lead the nurse to suspect that the woman is experiencing false labor?
- A. I'm feeling contractions mostly in my back.
- B. My contractions are about 6 minutes apart and regular.
- C. The contractions slow down when I walk around.
- D. If I try to talk to my partner during a contraction, I can't.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The statement The contractions slow down when I walk around indicates that the contractions are irregular and weak, which is characteristic of false labor. In true labor, contractions are regular, strong, and do not slow down with movement.
How does lifestyle modification improve male fertility?
- A. By directly increasing sperm motility and morphology.
- B. By reducing stress and improving overall reproductive health.
- C. By guaranteeing successful fertilization.
- D. By eliminating the need for medical treatments.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because lifestyle modifications such as reducing stress, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding harmful substances, and exercising can improve male fertility by optimizing overall reproductive health. Stress reduction can positively impact hormone levels and sperm production. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because lifestyle modifications do not directly guarantee successful fertilization, eliminate the need for medical treatments, or directly improve sperm motility and morphology.
The nurse is educating a client on lifestyle changes to support fertility. Which recommendation is appropriate?
- A. Avoid caffeine and alcohol entirely.
- B. Engage in moderate exercise and maintain a balanced diet.
- C. Increase daily protein intake to boost fertility.
- D. Use herbal supplements for better ovulation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because moderate exercise and a balanced diet are essential for overall health, including fertility. Exercise can help regulate hormones and improve circulation to reproductive organs. A balanced diet provides necessary nutrients for optimal reproductive function.
Choice A is incorrect as complete avoidance of caffeine and alcohol is not necessary for fertility. Choice C is incorrect as excessive protein intake can negatively impact fertility. Choice D is incorrect as herbal supplements can have unknown effects on fertility and should be avoided without consulting a healthcare provider.