Nokea
The nurse is instructing on bioterrorism agents. Which of the following does the nurse emphasize as an agent which is transmitted from person to person?
- A. Anthrax
- B. Botulism
- C. Smallpox
- D. Varicella
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Smallpox is highly contagious and caused by a variola virus. Individuals infected with the botulinum toxin and anthrax are not at risk to others; there are no reports of person to person transmission. Varicella, commonly called the chickenpox, is contagious but not a bioterrorism agent.
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The emergency department nurse manager is orienting the new nurse regarding bioterrorism. The nurse manager would include which indicator(s) as an example of bioterrorism? Select all that apply.
- A. Small amount of people sick in a variety of locations in the area
- B. Clusters of sick people from a shared locale
- C. High outbreak of similar symptoms among previously healthy people
- D. Increased numbers of sick people seeking health care
- E. Majority of individuals presenting with general malaise
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: The nurse manager would explain that indicators of bioterrorism could include clusters of sick people from a shared locale, high outbreak of similar symptoms among previously healthy people, and increased numbers of sick people seeking healthcare. General malaise would not be the primary presentation of any bioterrorism attack.
The nurse is caring for clients in the emergency department who have been admitted from the area surrounding a nuclear power plant. There had been a small explosion at the plant and a small amount of radiation had escaped. The nurse knows that this is what type of a disaster?
- A. Natural
- B. Explosive
- C. Chemical
- D. Radiologic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Radiologic disasters can occur in the following ways: Explosion of a dirty bomb; Damage to or human error in a nuclear power plant facility; a Nuclear blast. The scenario does not describe a natural disaster or a chemical disaster. 'Explosive' is not a specific type of disaster.
The nurse educator is preparing a presentation about the indicators of chemical terrorism. The nurse educator would include which indicator(s) in the presentation? Select all that apply.
- A. Fog-like or low-lying cloud in the atmosphere
- B. Numerous dead animals and birds
- C. Increase in temperature in area of the event
- D. Strong wind in area of the event
- E. Unexplained odor atypical for the location
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: The indicators that the nurse educator would include in the presentation are fog-like or low-lying cloud in the atmosphere, numerous dead animals and birds, and unexplained odor atypical for the location. The temperature in the area would not increase after a chemical event. There would be no wind associated with a chemical event.
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with botulism. Which medication classification does the nurse anticipate?
- A. An antibiotic
- B. An anti-inflammatory
- C. Antipyretics
- D. Antitoxins
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Botulism is treated with antitoxins to neutralize the botulinum toxin. Antibiotics are not effective against botulism, as it is caused by a toxin, not a bacterial infection. Anti-inflammatories and antipyretics are not indicated for botulism treatment.
The nurse is caring for a client affected by a nerve agent. The nurse quickly gives a tutorial on the neurotransmitters and nervous system affected. Which couplet is most correct?
- A. Acetylcholine, parasympathetic nervous system
- B. Serotonin, sympathetic nervous system
- C. Norepinephrine, sympathetic nervous system
- D. Dopamine, parasympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nerve agents cause fatal consequences by inhibiting acetyl cholinesterase. Acetyl cholinesterase is an enzyme that inactivates acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system. No other option is correct.