Nokea
The accessory glands of the male reproductive system are:
- A. corpus spongiosum;
- B. corpus cavernosum;
- C. penis;
- D. seminal vesicles;
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: seminal vesicles. Seminal vesicles are accessory glands that produce a significant portion of the fluid that makes up semen. They contribute nutrients and substances that support sperm viability and motility. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they are structures of the penis involved in erection and urination, not accessory glands of the male reproductive system.
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Process of giving birth is termed as
- A. Lactation
- B. Gestation
- C. Micturition
- D. parturition
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: parturition. Parturition refers to the process of giving birth. It involves the series of events that lead to the expulsion of the fetus from the mother's womb. Lactation (choice A) is the production of milk by the mammary glands after birth. Gestation (choice B) is the period of development of the fetus in the womb. Micturition (choice C) is the process of urination and is not related to childbirth. Therefore, the term that specifically describes the process of giving birth is parturition.
Birth control pills containing combinations of synthetic estrogen and progesterone compounds given for the first 21 days of the menstrual cycle are effective in preventing pregnancy. What is the explanation for their efficacy?
- A. Prevention of the preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone secretion from the pituitary gland
- B. Prevention of development of the ovarian follicles
- C. Suppressing function of the corpus luteum soon after it forms
- D. Prevention of normal development of the endometrium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Birth control pills containing estrogen and progesterone prevent the preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion from the pituitary gland. This leads to the inhibition of ovulation, preventing the release of an egg from the ovary. Without ovulation, fertilization cannot occur, effectively preventing pregnancy.
Choice B is incorrect because birth control pills do not prevent the development of ovarian follicles; they prevent ovulation. Choice C is incorrect because suppressing the function of the corpus luteum is not the primary mechanism of action of birth control pills. Choice D is incorrect because birth control pills do not prevent the normal development of the endometrium; they primarily prevent ovulation.
A 20-year-old woman is not having menstrual cycles. Her plasma progesterone concentration is found to be minimal. What is the explanation for the low level of progesterone?
- A. LH secretion rate is elevated
- B. LH secretion rate is suppressed
- C. FSH secretion rate is suppressed
- D. No corpus luteum is present
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: No corpus luteum is present. The corpus luteum is responsible for producing progesterone after ovulation. Without a corpus luteum, progesterone levels will be minimal, leading to a lack of menstrual cycles.
A: If LH secretion rate is elevated, it would lead to increased corpus luteum formation and progesterone production.
B: If LH secretion rate is suppressed, there would be insufficient stimulation for corpus luteum formation and progesterone production.
C: FSH is responsible for follicle development, not progesterone production.
The pituitary FSH controls:
- A. the maturation of the ovarian follicles;
- B. the estrogen secretion;
- C. ovulation;
- D. the progesterone secretion;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pituitary FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) controls the maturation of ovarian follicles by stimulating their growth and development. FSH plays a crucial role in the early stages of the menstrual cycle. Estrogen secretion is primarily regulated by the ovaries, not FSH. Ovulation is mainly triggered by the surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) levels, not FSH. Progesterone secretion is mainly controlled by the corpus luteum, which forms after ovulation, not directly by FSH. Therefore, the correct answer is A as FSH directly influences the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles.
Sperm are formed in tightly coiled tubes called seminiferous tubules that are found within each ________.
- A. spermatic cord
- B. testis
- C. ductus deferens
- D. epididymis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: testis. The seminiferous tubules are located within the testes, where sperm are produced through the process of spermatogenesis. The spermatic cord (A) contains blood vessels, nerves, and the vas deferens but not the seminiferous tubules. The ductus deferens (C) is a tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra, not where sperm are formed. The epididymis (D) is where sperm mature and are stored but not where they are initially formed. Therefore, the testis is the only choice where the seminiferous tubules are located for sperm production.