Nokea
A patient presents with fever, chills, headache, and myalgia after returning from a trip to sub-Saharan Africa. Laboratory tests reveal intraerythrocytic ring forms and trophozoites on blood smear examination. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent?
- A. Plasmodium falciparum
- B. Trypanosoma cruzi
- C. Borrelia burgdorferi
- D. Leishmania donovani
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most likely causative agent in this scenario is Plasmodium falciparum, a protozoan parasite that causes malaria. The patient's symptoms of fever, chills, headache, and myalgia align with the typical presentation of malaria. Additionally, the presence of intraerythrocytic ring forms and trophozoites on blood smear examination is characteristic of Plasmodium species, particularly P. falciparum, which causes the most severe form of malaria.
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During the implementation process, the nurse should ensure a better assimilation of the teachings.
- A. serious lecturer
- B. conducive time and place
- C. Lecture to start at 11:00AM
- D. neophyte as sharer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Creating a conducive time and place for the teachings is crucial during the implementation process to ensure better assimilation by the staff. By choosing a suitable time that does not clash with other responsibilities and providing a comfortable environment for learning, the nurse can enhance the staff's understanding and retention of the teachings. This approach helps in engaging the staff effectively and facilitating a productive learning experience.
A patient presents with sudden-onset unilateral headache, along with ipsilateral ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Cluster headache
- B. Migraine headache
- C. Tension-type headache
- D. Trigeminal neuralgia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The presentation described in the question – sudden-onset unilateral headache along with ipsilateral ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis – is characteristic of Horner syndrome. Horner syndrome is caused by disruption of the sympathetic nerve pathway and can occur in trigeminal neuralgia. Trigeminal neuralgia is a painful condition affecting the trigeminal nerve commonly characterized by sudden and severe facial pain that can be triggered by various stimuli. The involvement of the sympathetic pathway in trigeminal neuralgia can lead to Horner syndrome symptoms such as ptosis (drooping eyelid), miosis (constricted pupil), and anhidrosis (lack of sweating) on the affected side of the face. Cluster headaches usually involve severe unilateral pain around the eye, but they do not typically present with Horner syndrome symptoms. Migraine and tension-type headaches also do not typically present with Horner syndrome symptoms.
The day of discharge came and Marlene 's face becomes all the more sad. When asked why, she answered she has no money to pay the bill. The BEST way of communicating her piece of advice is stating which of the following?
- A. You can go to the cashier for to find out what she can advise you
- B. The government has agencies for those who need financial assistance. I will give you the list.
- C. You can always pay in staggered amounts to be given every 15 days
- D. Ask help from generous relatives so you can have additional for down payment.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this situation, the best way to communicate Marlene's piece of advice would be to inform her about government agencies that provide financial assistance. This option provides a long-term solution for her financial difficulties rather than short-term fixes like asking relatives for help or paying in staggered amounts. By giving her information about available resources, you are empowering her to seek sustainable help for her financial situation. This approach focuses on addressing the root cause of her inability to pay the bill rather than temporary solutions.
The nurse obtains a sample of a client's arterial blood gas (ABGs). Which of the following statements is NOT true about ABGs?
- A. Interpretation of the clients ABGs involves evaluation of pH, PCO2 and HCO3; components of the ABGs.
- B. ABGs assess the client oxygenation status and acid base status.
- C. ABGs provide information on blood parameters.
- D. ABGs asses the client electrolyte and fluid balance.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Arterial blood gases (ABGs) do not directly assess the client's electrolyte and fluid balance. ABGs primarily evaluate the client's acid-base balance and oxygenation status by measuring levels of pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), and bicarbonate (HCO3) in the arterial blood. While ABGs can provide some information about blood parameters, such as oxygen saturation, they do not comprehensively assess electrolyte levels or fluid balance. To specifically assess electrolytes and fluid balance, additional tests like basic metabolic panels or comprehensive metabolic panels would be required.
The nurse is developing a plan of care for the client with multiple myeloma. The nurse includes which priority intervention in the plan of care?
- A. Encourage fluid
- B. Coughing and deep breathing
- C. Providing frequent oral care
- D. Monitoring red blood cell coun
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A priority intervention for a client with multiple myeloma is to include coughing and deep breathing exercises in the plan of care. Multiple myeloma can affect the bone marrow's ability to produce healthy blood cells, including red blood cells, which can lead to anemia. Anemia can cause fatigue and shortness of breath. By encouraging coughing and deep breathing exercises, the nurse can help improve lung function, enhance oxygenation, and prevent potential respiratory complications in the client with multiple myeloma. This intervention is crucial in promoting respiratory health and overall well-being for the client.