Nokea
The nurse is preparing the patient for and will assist the physician with a thoracentesis in the patient’s room. Number the following actions in the order the nurse should complete them.
- A. Verify breath sounds in all fields.
- B. Obtain the supplies that will be used.
- C. Send labeled specimen containers to the lab.
- D. Direct the family members to the waiting room.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should first obtain the supplies that will be used to ensure that everything needed for the thoracentesis procedure is readily available. This step is crucial for the successful completion of the procedure and the safety of the patient.
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Which dietary modification helps to meet the nutritional needs of patients with COPD?
- A. Eating a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet
- B. Avoiding foods that require a lot of chewing
- C. Preparing most foods of the diet to be eaten hot
- D. Drinking fluids with meals to promote digestion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Patients with COPD may have difficulty chewing due to dyspnea, so avoiding foods that require a lot of chewing helps in meeting their nutritional needs. Choosing foods that are easier to eat can prevent fatigue during meals and ensure adequate nutrition intake.
You are supervising a nursing student who is providing care for a thoracotomy client with a chest tube. What finding will you clearly instruct the nursing student to notify you about immediately?
- A. Chest tube drainage of 10-15 mL per hour
- B. Continuous bubbling in the water seal chamber
- C. Complaints of pain at the chest tube site
- D. Chest tube dressing dated yesterday.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Continuous bubbling in the water seal chamber indicates an air leak and potential complications. Drainage of 10-15 mL/hour (A) is normal. Pain complaints (C) and outdated dressing (D) are less urgent.
Which muscle(s) produce(s) the movement labeled '1'?
- A. rectus abdominis
- B. internal intercostals
- C. external intercostals
- D. diaphragm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: external intercostals. These muscles are responsible for elevating the ribcage during inhalation, which corresponds to the movement labeled '1'. The rectus abdominis (A) is involved in trunk flexion, internal intercostals (B) aid in forced exhalation, and the diaphragm (D) primarily assists in inhalation by moving downward to increase thoracic cavity volume. Therefore, the external intercostals are the correct choice for the specific movement indicated in the question.
Identify the inconsistent value in these measurements on a mixed venous blood sample obtained in a healthy person from IVC at sea level
- A. pO2 = 40mmHg
- B. pCO2 = 48mmHg
- C. PN2 = 620mmHg
- D. O2 content = 150ml/L blood
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: PN2 = 620mmHg. This is the inconsistent value because the normal partial pressure of nitrogen in venous blood is around 40 mmHg, not 620 mmHg. This discrepancy indicates an abnormal measurement. The other choices (A, B, D) are within expected ranges for a mixed venous blood sample in a healthy person at sea level. Choice A (pO2 = 40mmHg) is typical for venous blood, choice B (pCO2 = 48mmHg) falls within the normal range, and choice D (O2 content = 150ml/L blood) is a reasonable value for mixed venous blood.
Of the four parts of respiration the part when oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the capillaries lining the alveoli in the lungs is:
- A. pulmonary ventilation
- B. external respiration
- C. transport of respiratory gases
- D. internal respiration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: external respiration. This is the part of respiration where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the capillaries lining the alveoli in the lungs. During external respiration, oxygen from the alveoli diffuses into the bloodstream while carbon dioxide from the bloodstream diffuses into the alveoli to be exhaled.
A: Pulmonary ventilation refers to the process of breathing, specifically the movement of air in and out of the lungs. This does not involve the actual exchange of gases in the alveoli.
C: Transport of respiratory gases involves the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the bloodstream to and from the tissues. This is not specifically related to the exchange of gases in the alveoli.
D: Internal respiration refers to the exchange of gases between the bloodstream and the tissues at the cellular level. This does not specifically occur in the alveoli of the lungs.