Free Medical Surgical Certification Practice Questions

Free Medical Surgical Certification Practice Questions Related

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When teaching a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) about nutrition, what information should be included? (Select all that apply)

  • A. Avoid drinking fluids just before and during meals.
  • B. Rest before meals if experiencing dyspnea.
  • C. Have about six small meals a day.
  • D. Eat high-fiber foods to promote gastric emptying.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Eat high-fiber foods to promote gastric emptying. In COPD, patients may experience slow gastric emptying due to decreased lung function. High-fiber foods can help with digestion and prevent constipation.

A: Avoid drinking fluids just before and during meals - Incorrect. Hydration is important for COPD patients, but timing of fluid intake is not directly related to nutrition in this context.

B: Rest before meals if experiencing dyspnea - Incorrect. While resting before meals can help with dyspnea, it is not directly related to nutrition education.

C: Have about six small meals a day - Incorrect. While small frequent meals may be beneficial for some COPD patients, this is not a universal recommendation for all individuals with COPD in terms of nutrition.

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You are reviewing lab findings on an 88-year-old patient and note that her vitamin B12 level is low. A decrease in B12 among older adults frequently results in:

  • A. Aplastic anemia
  • B. Pernicious anemia
  • C. Folate anemia
  • D. Wernicke’s anemia
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

A healthcare provider collaborates with a respiratory therapist to complete pulmonary function tests (PFTs) for a client. Which statements should the healthcare provider include in communications with the respiratory therapist prior to the tests? (Select ONE that does not apply)

  • A. I ensured the client did not use bronchodilator medication within the specified timeframe.
  • B. The client is prepared to undergo the examination in radiology.
  • C. Physical therapy has approved the client for treadmill exercise.
  • D. I instructed the client not to smoke for the required duration before the test.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C

Rationale:
- Option C, stating that physical therapy has approved the client for treadmill exercise, is unrelated to pulmonary function tests (PFTs). PFTs measure lung function, not physical therapy or exercise tolerance.
- Options A, B, and D are all essential for accurate PFT results. A) Ensuring the client did not use bronchodilators can affect test outcomes. B) The location for the examination is not relevant as long as the equipment is available. D) Instructing the client not to smoke before the test is crucial as smoking can affect lung function.

A client with a mediastinal chest tube is being assessed by a nurse. Which symptoms require the nurse's immediate intervention? (SATA)

  • A. Production of pink sputum
  • B. Tracheal deviation
  • C. Pain at insertion site
  • D. Sudden onset of shortness of breath
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tracheal deviation. Tracheal deviation indicates a tension pneumothorax, a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate intervention to prevent further complications. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Production of pink sputum may indicate blood-tinged sputum, which could be a sign of minor bleeding but does not require immediate intervention.
C: Pain at insertion site is common after chest tube insertion and can be managed with pain medication, not necessarily requiring immediate intervention.
D: Sudden onset of shortness of breath could indicate various issues, including pneumothorax, but tracheal deviation is a more specific and urgent sign that requires immediate attention.

When teaching a patient to care for himself before discharge, what should the nurse initially do?

  • A. Develop a 1-hour teaching session
  • B. Give the patient a booklet to read
  • C. Prioritize teaching needs
  • D. Select specific teaching techniques
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

A client with emphysema is being assessed by a nurse. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect?

  • A. Decreased chest expansion
  • B. Cyanosis
  • C. Pursed-lip breathing
  • D. Bradypnea
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pursed-lip breathing. In emphysema, air becomes trapped in the lungs due to damaged air sacs, making it difficult to exhale. Pursed-lip breathing helps to prolong exhalation, preventing air trapping. Decreased chest expansion (A) is more indicative of conditions like pleural effusion. Cyanosis (B) is a sign of inadequate oxygenation, which is not a primary manifestation of emphysema. Bradypnea (D) refers to slow breathing rate, which is not typically associated with emphysema. Pursed-lip breathing is a characteristic and effective coping mechanism seen in clients with emphysema.

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