Cardiovascular System Exam Questions And Answers

Cardiovascular System Exam Questions And Answers Related

Review Cardiovascular System Exam Questions And Answers related questions and content

The nurse is teaching a client about the side effects of beta blockers. What is the most important side effect to monitor?

  • A. Hypotension
  • B. Bradycardia
  • C. Hyperkalemia
  • D. Tachycardia
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypotension. Beta blockers can cause a decrease in blood pressure, leading to hypotension. Monitoring for hypotension is crucial as it can result in dizziness, fainting, or even shock. Bradycardia (choice B) is a common side effect but usually not as critical as hypotension. Hyperkalemia (choice C) is a potential side effect of some beta blockers but is less common and typically not as urgent as hypotension. Tachycardia (choice D) is the opposite of what beta blockers typically cause, making it an unlikely side effect to monitor for in this case.

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A patient has been receiving a heparin sodium IV for the last three days. The patient's most current platelet count is 65,000 × 103/uL; while the platelet count on admission was 350,000 × 103/uL. The cardiac-vascular nurse contacts the physician to:

  • A. report that the medication level is subtherapeutic.
  • B. report that the patient is exhibiting signs of an adverse reaction.
  • C. request an increase in the medication infusion rate.
  • D. request an order for platelet transfusion.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A significant drop in platelets suggests heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, an adverse reaction.

Explain the different modes of ventilator.

  • A. Controlled mechanical ventilation
  • B. Assist-control mode
  • C. Both A and B
  • D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Modes vary depending on the degree of support required by the patient.

The client is on hydrochlorothiazide and digoxin. What effect can the nurse expect?

  • A. Hydrochlorothiazide increases digoxin levels.
  • B. Hydrochlorothiazide decreases digoxin levels.
  • C. Hydrochlorothiazide decreases potassium, increasing the risk of digoxin toxicity.
  • D. Digoxin can increase the effectiveness of hydrochlorothiazide.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic that can lead to hypokalemia (decreased potassium levels), which increases the risk of digoxin toxicity as digoxin requires adequate potassium levels for proper function.

Choice A is incorrect because hydrochlorothiazide does not increase digoxin levels. Choice B is incorrect because hydrochlorothiazide can actually increase digoxin levels due to potential electrolyte disturbances. Choice D is incorrect as digoxin does not affect the effectiveness of hydrochlorothiazide.

The healthcare provider is preparing to administer heparin to a client. What lab value should be monitored?

  • A. PT/INR
  • B. aPTT
  • C. Platelet count
  • D. Hemoglobin
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct lab value to monitor when administering heparin is aPTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time). This is because heparin affects the intrinsic pathway of the clotting cascade, which is reflected in the aPTT value. Monitoring aPTT helps ensure the therapeutic range of heparin to prevent clotting complications. PT/INR and platelet count are not specific to heparin monitoring, and hemoglobin does not directly reflect heparin's anticoagulant effects.

Which of the following are the consequences of fluid and electrolyte imbalances resulting from diuretic therapy in older adults?

  • A. Fatigue
  • B. Dyspnea
  • C. Chest pain
  • D. Heart palpitations
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Fluid and electrolyte imbalances can lead to fatigue, a common side effect of diuretic use in older adults.

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