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The nurse is teaching a group in the community about drug abuse. Which statement by the nurse is correct?
- A. Cue-induced cravings eventually disappear after long periods of abstinence by the person addicted to drugs
- B. Drug abuse and drug addiction are synonymous terms, describing dependence on drugs
- C. Drug addiction is characterized by emotional, mental, and sometimes physical dependence
- D. Drug addiction occurs when physical dependence is present
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Addiction involves emotional/mental dependence, with physical optional; cravings persist, and abuse differs from addiction. Drug addiction occurs when emotional and mental dependence on a drug are present.
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Antacids such as calcium carbonate (Tums) can reduce the absorption of which of the following nutrients?
- A. Protein
- B. Calcium
- C. Iron
- D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Calcium carbonate binds to iron, forming insoluble complexes that reduce iron absorption.
A nurse's learning goals for the year include reviewing the most up-to-date information about emergency preparedness related to bioterrorism agents. What should the nurse do?
- A. Read textbooks devoted to the topic
- B. Review best practices around triage and emergency care
- C. Read journal articles about bioterrorism agents
- D. Visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Web site
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The CDC website provides the most current, authoritative bioterrorism preparedness information.
A competitive antagonist is a substance that:
- A. Interacts receptors and produces submaximal effect
- B. Binds to the same receptor site and progressively inhibits the agonist response
- C. Binds to the nonspecific sites of tissue
- D. Binds to one receptor subtype as an agonist and to another as an antagonist
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Competitive antagonists compete for the same receptor site, reversibly inhibiting the agonist.
The nursing instructor is discussing drug therapy in the older adult. What would the instructor tell the students about what could affect therapeutic dosing in an older adult?
- A. Changes in the gastrointestinal (GI) system can reduce drug absorption.
- B. In older adults, drugs enter into circulation more quickly.
- C. In older adults, drugs are distributed to a smaller portion of the tissues.
- D. In older adults, drugs have an increased action
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: GI changes in aging (e.g., reduced motility) decrease absorption, affecting dosing.
Which of the following legislative acts allowed the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to tighten control over the quality of drugs and required that safety and efficacy standards be established?
- A. Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
- B. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
- C. Durham Humphrey Amendment of 1951
- D. Kefauver-Harris Act of 1962
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Kefauver-Harris Act was the result of the use of the 1960s drug thalidomide (Thalomid). The public concern led to the legislation that gave the FDA regulatory control over testing and evaluating of drugs and allowed it to set standards for efficacy and safety. The Pure Food and Drug Act required labeling to eliminate false claims. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act gave the FDA the power to enforce standards for testing drug toxicity and monitoring labeling. The Durham-Humphrey Amendment enforced prescriptions for distribution.