Nokea
The nurse is teaching a group of parents about the use of syrup of ipecac. Which instruction will the nurse provide?
- A. Give ipecac with a glass of milk to increase emetic effect.
- B. Do not administer ipecac without consulting a poison control center.
- C. Use ipecac fluid extract and not ipecac syrup.
- D. Expect the impact of emesis to be immediate.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Do not administer ipecac without consulting a poison control center. This is because ipecac is no longer recommended for use in cases of poisoning. It can actually be harmful and may delay the use of more effective treatments. Consulting a poison control center is essential to get guidance on the appropriate course of action.
Choice A is incorrect because giving ipecac with milk is not recommended and does not increase its emetic effect. Choice C is incorrect as ipecac syrup is the common form used, not the fluid extract. Choice D is incorrect because the impact of emesis may not be immediate and can vary depending on the individual and the substance ingested.
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The telephone triage nurse receives a call from a patient asking for a prescription for a narcotic to manage his surgical pain. The nurse explains that narcotic prescriptions must be written and cannot be called in to the pharmacy. The patient says, “Why are narcotics so difficult to get a prescription for?†What is the nurse's best response?
- A. The increase in the number of drug addicts has made the rules stricter.
- B. Controlled substances like narcotics are regulated by the FDA and the DEA.
- C. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention regulates the use of controlled substances to reduce the risk of injury.
- D. The Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) determines the risk for addiction, and the Food and Drug Administration enforces this control.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Controlled substances like narcotics are regulated by the FDA and the DEA. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) regulates the approval, manufacturing, and labeling of prescription medications, including narcotics, to ensure they are safe and effective for use. The DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) enforces regulations surrounding controlled substances to prevent misuse and abuse. This response is the best choice as it directly addresses the regulatory bodies responsible for overseeing the prescription and dispensing of narcotics.
Incorrect Choices:
A: The increase in the number of drug addicts has made the rules stricter. This choice provides a general statement about the rules without addressing the specific regulatory bodies involved in controlling narcotics.
C: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention regulates the use of controlled substances to reduce the risk of injury. Although the CDC plays a role in public health, it is not the primary regulatory agency for controlled substances.
D: The Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) determines the risk for addiction, and the Food and Drug Administration
What drug enhances the output of respiratory tract fluid by reducing the adhesiveness and surface tension of the fluid which facilitates the removal of viscous mucus?
- A. Guaifenesin.
- B. Dextromethorphan.
- C. Acetylcysteine.
- D. Flunisolide.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Guaifenesin. Guaifenesin is an expectorant that works by increasing respiratory tract fluid output, reducing adhesiveness and surface tension of the mucus. This helps in loosening and thinning the mucus, making it easier to clear from the airways. Dextromethorphan (B) is a cough suppressant, not an expectorant. Acetylcysteine (C) is a mucolytic that reduces mucus thickness but does not directly enhance fluid output. Flunisolide (D) is a corticosteroid used for inflammation, not mucus clearance.
The nurse is performing an assessment on a patient who will begin taking propranolol (Inderol) to treat hypertension. The nurse learns that the patients have a history of asthma and diabetes. The nurse will take which action.
- A. Request an order for a renal function test prior to the administration of this drug.
- B. Teach the patient about the risk of combining herbal medication with this drug.
- C. Contact the doctor to discuss another type of antihypertensive medication.
- D. Administer the medication and monitor the patient's serum glucose level.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C - Contact the doctor to discuss another type of antihypertensive medication.
Rationale: Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that can exacerbate asthma due to its potential bronchoconstrictive effects. Additionally, beta-blockers can mask signs of hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes, making it challenging to monitor blood glucose levels effectively. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to contact the doctor to discuss an alternative antihypertensive medication that is safe for the patient with a history of asthma and diabetes.
Summary of other choices:
A: Requesting a renal function test is not directly related to the patient's history of asthma and diabetes, which are more concerning in this case.
B: Teaching about combining herbal medication does not address the potential risks of propranolol in patients with asthma and diabetes.
D: Administering the medication without addressing the compatibility with the patient's conditions can lead to adverse effects and is not
The nurse is teaching a class on muscular coordination and explains it is the movement of what electrolyte that contributes to the process of muscle contraction and relaxation?
- A. Magnesium.
- B. Chloride.
- C. Calcium.
- D. Hydrogen.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Calcium. Calcium plays a crucial role in muscle contraction and relaxation. During muscle contraction, calcium ions bind to proteins in muscle fibers, allowing the actin and myosin filaments to slide past each other. This sliding action is what causes muscle contraction. When muscle relaxation is needed, calcium ions are pumped back into storage within the muscle cells, leading to relaxation. Magnesium (A), chloride (B), and hydrogen (D) do not directly influence muscle contraction and relaxation like calcium does.
The nurse discovers a patient receiving warfarin is bleeding. What drug would the nurse prepare to counteract this drug?
- A. Vitamin E.
- B. Protamine Sulfate.
- C. Calcium Gluconate.
- D. Vitamin K.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Vitamin K. Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin, an anticoagulant that inhibits vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Administering Vitamin K helps replenish the depleted clotting factors, stopping the bleeding. Other choices are incorrect because: A (Vitamin E) does not directly counteract warfarin's mechanism of action, B (Protamine Sulfate) is used to reverse heparin's effects, not warfarin, and C (Calcium Gluconate) is used for calcium channel blocker toxicity, not warfarin-induced bleeding.