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The nurse is providing teaching to a patient who is prescribed an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. What will be an important teaching point for this patient?
- A. Use barrier contraception to avoid pregnancy.
- B. Report any changes in vision.
- C. Follow a cholesterol-lowering diet.
- D. Report any respiratory symptoms.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use barrier contraception to avoid pregnancy. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are known to cause birth defects if taken during pregnancy. Therefore, it is crucial for the patient to use effective barrier contraception to prevent pregnancy while on this medication. Reporting changes in vision (B) is not directly related to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Following a cholesterol-lowering diet (C) is important but not the most critical point for this specific medication. Reporting respiratory symptoms (D) is important but not specific to this medication.
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A patient who has epilepsy will begin an anticonvulsant medication. The patient asks the nurse how long the medication will be necessary. How will the nurse respond?
- A. You will take the medication as needed for seizure activity.
- B. The medication will be given until you are seizure free.
- C. You will take the medication for 3 to 5 years.
- D. The medication is usually taken for a lifetime.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: The medication is usually taken for a lifetime. The rationale for this is that epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent seizures. Anticonvulsant medications are typically prescribed long-term to help control and prevent seizures. Discontinuing the medication can lead to breakthrough seizures and potential risks to the patient's safety and well-being. Choices A and B are incorrect because anticonvulsants are not typically taken on an as-needed basis and the goal is not just to be seizure-free temporarily. Choice C is incorrect as the duration of anticonvulsant therapy may vary depending on the individual's condition and response to treatment, but it is often longer than 3 to 5 years.
The nurse is conducting an admission assessment on a patient. When collecting data relating to the medications, the nurse asks “What medications are you taking?†After collecting that information, what other queries should the nurse ask? Select all that apply.
- A. Do you take any medication?
- B. Do you take this medication?
- C. Do you take medications safely when you take them?
- D. Do you take any herbs, vitamins or supplements?
- E. What OTC medications do you take?
Correct Answer: D,E
Rationale: The correct answers are D and E. Asking about herbs, vitamins, and supplements (D) is crucial as these can interact with prescribed medications. Inquiring about over-the-counter (OTC) medications (E) is important as they can also have interactions. Choices A, B, and C are vague and redundant, as they do not provide specific information about medications. Asking about medication safety (C) is assumed in the context of a healthcare setting. Choice F and G are not provided in the question.
What drug might the nurse administer to achieve both analgesic and antitussive effects?
- A. Acetaminophen.
- B. Ibuprofen.
- C. Aspirin.
- D. Codeine.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Codeine. Codeine is an opioid analgesic that acts on the central nervous system to relieve pain and suppress coughing. It has both analgesic and antitussive properties, making it the ideal choice for achieving both effects. Acetaminophen (choice A) and ibuprofen (choice B) are analgesics but do not have antitussive effects. Aspirin (choice C) is an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug but is not commonly used for cough suppression. Therefore, codeine is the most appropriate option for achieving both analgesic and antitussive effects.
A 70-year-old patient has just received a drug that can cause sedation. What would be the priority nursing diagnosis for this patient?
- A. Deficient Knowledge, unfamiliar with drug therapy.
- B. Ineffective health maintenance, need for medication.
- C. Risk for injury, related to adverse effect of the drug.
- D. Noncompliance, cost of the drug.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Risk for injury, related to adverse effect of the drug. This is the priority nursing diagnosis because the patient, being 70 years old and receiving a sedating drug, is at an increased risk for falls and other injuries due to sedation. It is crucial for the nurse to monitor the patient closely for signs of sedation and take appropriate measures to prevent potential harm.
Choice A (Deficient Knowledge) is not the priority as the immediate concern is the risk of injury. Choice B (Ineffective health maintenance) focuses on the need for medication, not the potential risk of injury. Choice D (Noncompliance) is not relevant in this situation as it pertains to the cost of the drug, not the immediate safety of the patient.
What assessment finding would indicate the patient's left-sided heart failure is worsening?
- A. Increased jugular venous pressure.
- B. Liver enlargement.
- C. Increased pulse rate.
- D. Increased crackles in lung fields.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Increased crackles in lung fields. Worsening left-sided heart failure causes fluid to accumulate in the lungs, leading to crackles on auscultation. Increased jugular venous pressure (A) is more indicative of right-sided heart failure. Liver enlargement (B) is a sign of congestive hepatomegaly, common in right-sided heart failure. Increased pulse rate (C) may indicate heart failure exacerbation but is not specific to left-sided failure. Therefore, choice D is the best indicator of worsening left-sided heart failure.