Nokea
The nurse is teaching a patient to care for her new ocular prosthesis. What should the nurse emphasize during the patients health education?
- A. The need to limit exposure to bright light
- B. The need to maintain a low Fowlers position when removing the prosthesis
- C. The need to perform thorough hand hygiene before handling the prosthesis
- D. The need to apply antiviral ointment to the prosthesis daily
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The need to perform thorough hand hygiene before handling the prosthesis. This is crucial to prevent infection. By washing hands thoroughly, the patient reduces the risk of introducing harmful bacteria or pathogens to the prosthesis, which could lead to infections or other complications.
Incorrect Choices:
A: The need to limit exposure to bright light - This is not directly related to caring for an ocular prosthesis.
B: The need to maintain a low Fowlers position when removing the prosthesis - Positioning is not typically a concern when caring for an ocular prosthesis.
D: The need to apply antiviral ointment to the prosthesis daily - Antiviral ointment is not a standard part of ocular prosthesis care unless specifically prescribed by a healthcare provider for a particular reason.
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A nurse knows of several patients who have achieved adequate control of their allergy symptoms using over-the-counter antihistamines. Antihistamines would be contraindicated in the care of which patient?
- A. A patient who has previously been treated for tuberculosis
- B. A pregnant woman at 30 weeks gestation
- C. A patient who is on estrogen-replacement therapy
- D. A patient with a severe allergy to eggs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Antihistamines are generally considered safe during pregnancy, but it is recommended to avoid unnecessary medications, especially in the third trimester. Antihistamines should be used cautiously in pregnant women due to potential effects on the fetus. Choice A is incorrect because previous treatment for tuberculosis does not contraindicate the use of antihistamines. Choice C is incorrect as estrogen-replacement therapy does not interact significantly with antihistamines. Choice D is incorrect as a severe allergy to eggs does not directly contraindicate the use of antihistamines.
The home health nurse is performing a home visit for an oncology patient discharged 3 days ago after completing treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The nurses assessment should include examination for the signs and symptoms of what complication?
- A. Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)
- B. Syndrome of inappropriate antiduretic hormone (SIADH)
- C. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS). In this scenario, the oncology patient has completed treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. TLS is a potential complication post-treatment due to the rapid breakdown of cancer cells, leading to release of intracellular contents like potassium, phosphorus, and uric acid into the bloodstream. This can result in electrolyte imbalances, renal failure, and cardiac arrhythmias. The nurse should assess for signs such as hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and elevated uric acid levels. Monitoring renal function and fluid status is crucial.
Summary of other choices:
B: Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) is characterized by excessive release of antidiuretic hormone leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. Not typically associated with post-treatment complications in oncology patients.
C: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
A patient has been diagnosed with hearing loss related to damage of the end organ for hearing or cranial nerve VIII. What term is used to describe this condition?
- A. Exostoses
- B. Otalgia
- C. Sensorineural hearing loss
- D. Presbycusis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sensorineural hearing loss. This type of hearing loss is caused by damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve (cranial nerve VIII). Exostoses (A) are bony growths in the ear canal, not related to cranial nerve VIII. Otalgia (B) refers to ear pain, not hearing loss. Presbycusis (D) is age-related hearing loss, not specifically related to damage of the end organ for hearing or cranial nerve VIII. Therefore, C is the most appropriate term to describe the given condition.
The patient is an 80-year-old male who is visiting the clinic today for a routine physical examination. The patient’s skin turgor is fair, but the patient reports fatigue and weakness. The skin is warm and dry, pulse rate is 116 beats/min, and urinary sodium level is slightly elevated. Which instruction should the nurse provide?
- A. Drink more water to prevent further dehydration.
- B. Drink more calorie-dense fluids to increase caloric intake.
- C. Drink more milk and dairy products to decrease the risk of osteoporosis.
- D. Drink more grapefruit juice to enhance vitamin C intake and medication absorption.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Drink more water to prevent further dehydration. Given the patient's fair skin turgor, fatigue, weakness, warm and dry skin, elevated pulse rate, and slightly elevated urinary sodium level, these are signs of dehydration. Increasing water intake would help improve the patient's hydration status. Other choices are incorrect because B (calorie-dense fluids) does not address the dehydration issue, C (milk and dairy products) does not directly address the symptoms presented, and D (grapefruit juice) is not essential for hydration in this case.
A 5-year-old boy has been diagnosed with a severe food allergy. What is an important parameter to address when educating the parents of this child about his allergy and care?
- A. Wear a medical identification bracelet.
- B. Know how to use the antihistamine pen.
- C. Know how to give injections of lidocaine.
- D. Avoid live attenuated vaccinations.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Wear a medical identification bracelet. This is important because in case of an emergency, such as an allergic reaction, medical professionals need to be aware of the child's severe food allergy quickly. The bracelet provides crucial information that can help in providing timely and appropriate medical care.
B: Knowing how to use the antihistamine pen is also important in managing allergic reactions, but wearing a medical identification bracelet takes precedence as it provides immediate identification of the allergy.
C: Knowing how to give injections of lidocaine is not relevant to managing a food allergy in a child.
D: Avoiding live attenuated vaccinations may be necessary for individuals with certain allergies, but it is not directly related to educating parents about managing the child's food allergy.