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The nurse is triaging a client with an open fracture who arrives at the emergency department as one of several clients from a mass casualty incident. Using the START system, which of the following colours should the nurse use to code this client?
- A. Green
- B. Yellow
- C. Red
- D. Black
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A client with an open fracture would be tagged yellow using the START system, indicating a serious but not immediately life-threatening condition.
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The nurse is assessing a client in the emergency department and identifies the following: hemoptysis, cough, temperature of 40°C (104°F), and a history of recent travel to an area with a high risk for tuberculosis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Administer supplemental oxygen.
- B. Place the client in an airborne isolation room.
- C. Obtain a sputum culture.
- D. Administer antipyretic medication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The symptoms and travel history suggest possible tuberculosis, which is highly infectious. Placing the client in an airborne isolation room is the priority to prevent transmission to others. Administering oxygen, obtaining a sputum culture, and giving antipyretics are important but secondary to infection control.
When using the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) system, which of the parameters should the nurse assess?
- A. Mental status
- B. Perfusion or blood circulation
- C. Ability to respond verbally and ambulate
- D. Provision of 72-hour self-sufficient supplies
- E. Breathing
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: The START system is based on three clinical indicators: (1) the person's ability to respond verbally and ambulate, and respirations; (2) the client's perfusion or blood circulation (i.e., capillary refill); and (3) the client's mental status (i.e., ability to obey commands). Provision of 72-hour self-sufficient supplies is not part of the START triage assessment.
Which of the following levels/agencies is accountability for emergency planning and response in Canada?
- A. Municipal government
- B. Provincial government
- C. Federal government
- D. Health Canada
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Accountability for emergency planning and response in Canada is held by individual municipal governments, the underlying principle being that communities possess the greatest knowledge of their individual needs and thus are in a strategic position to most effectively plan for and manage local emergency events.
The nurse in the emergency department is involved in triaging clients during a mass casualty incident. During this situation, which of the following is the triage time frame?
- A. 15 seconds
- B. 30 seconds
- C. 1 minute
- D. 2 minutes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Disaster triage in the hospital setting must be rapid and conducted in less than 15 seconds. After this rapid assessment, clients with higher levels of acuity are directed to a treatment location in the emergency department.
Which of the following government agencies is responsible for providing safe drinking water and supportive medical services during a national disaster?
- A. Health Canada
- B. Public Safety Canada
- C. Department of National Defence
- D. Canadian Red Cross
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Department of National Defence administers the Disaster Assistance Response Team, which provides safe drinking water and supportive medical services following a disaster.