Nokea
These four clients arrive in the emergency department after a motor vehicle crash. In which order should they be assessed?
- A. A 72-year-old with palpitations and chest pain
- B. A 45-year-old complaining of 6/10 abdominal pain
- C. A 22-year-old with multiple fractures of the face and jaw
- D. A 30-year-old with a misaligned right leg with intact pulses
Correct Answer: C,A,B,D
Rationale: The highest priority is to assess the 22-year-old client for airway obstruction, which is the most life-threatening injury. The 72-year-old client may have chest pain from cardiac ischemia and should be assessed and have diagnostic testing for this pain. The 45-year-old client may have abdominal trauma or bleeding and should be seen next to assess circulatory status. The 30-year-old appears to have a possible fracture of the right leg and should be seen soon, but this client has the least life-threatening injury.
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The nurse in the emergency department is involved in triaging clients during a mass casualty incident. During this situation, which of the following is the triage time frame?
- A. 15 seconds
- B. 30 seconds
- C. 1 minute
- D. 2 minutes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Disaster triage in the hospital setting must be rapid and conducted in less than 15 seconds. After this rapid assessment, clients with higher levels of acuity are directed to a treatment location in the emergency department.
Which of the following statements is true in relation to a disaster, whether natural or manmade?
- A. Negatively affects society on many levels.
- B. Requires a rapid and skilled response to action.
- C. Is managed by a community's existing resources.
- D. Requires urgent intervention to avoid worsening of the situation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A disaster is the outcome of a natural event (e.g., hurricane, flood, snowstorm) or a result of human action or error, whether malicious (e.g., terrorist attacks, use of biological warfare) or unintentional (e.g., an accidental chemical spill), that negatively affects society, the environment, or both. It is an emergency, not a disaster, that may be described as an event that requires a rapid and skilled response to protect the health, safety, and wellness of individuals and to limit damage to property. Emergency situations are typically able to be quickly managed without requiring the support and resources of other communities.
Which of the following types of disaster management approaches would be used when dealing with a hurricane in southern Alberta?
- A. All hazards
- B. Unique hazard
- C. Agent specific
- D. Caused event
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In an agent-specific approach, planning efforts are directed at those threats most likely to take place within a single geographical location (e.g., earthquakes in California). Since hurricanes are rare in southern Alberta, an agent-specific approach would focus on this specific threat.
When using the START triage system, the nurse will assess a client who has a sprained wrist and ankle with which of the following colours?
- A. Green
- B. Yellow
- C. Red
- D. Black
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A client with sprains would be tagged green using the START system, indicating minor injuries that do not require immediate treatment.
The Canadian Red Cross advises individuals to be self-sufficient in case of an emergency and this includes being able to provide for one's needs for approximately how many hours?
- A. 12 hours
- B. 24 hours
- C. 48 hours
- D. 72 hours
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This level of individual preparation requires stockpiling items that would be needed to be self-sufficient for a period of at least 72 hours. The other choices, 12, 24, and 48 hours, are below the time suggested by the Canadian Red Cross.