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The nurse is working with a patient who expects to begin menopause in the next few years. What educational topic should the nurse prioritize when caring for a healthy woman approaching menopause?
- A. Patient teaching and counseling regarding healthy lifestyles
- B. Referrals to local support groups
- C. Nutritional counseling regarding osteoporosis prevention
- D. Drug therapy options
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fostering healthy lifestyles through patient teaching and counseling is a priority, as it supports overall health and well-being during the menopausal transition. This encompasses specific topics like osteoporosis prevention, support groups, and drug therapy but is broader in scope.
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The nurse is working with a couple who have been unable to conceive despite more than 2 years of trying to get pregnant. The couple has just learned that in vitro fertilization (IVF) was unsuccessful and they are both tearful. What nursing diagnosis is most likely to apply to this couple?
- A. Hopelessness related to failed IVF
- B. Acute confusion related to reasons for failed IVF
- C. Compromised family coping related to unsuccessful IVF
- D. Moral distress related to unsuccessful IVF
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The couple's tearful response to a failed IVF suggests hopelessness, a likely emotional reaction to the loss of a promising intervention. Acute confusion implies cognitive impairment, compromised coping is less specific, and moral distress is unrelated to the scenario.
A new patient has come to the clinic seeking an appropriate method of birth control. What would the nurse teach this patient about a diaphragm?
- A. One size fits all females.
- B. The diaphragm may be cleaned with soap and water after use.
- C. A diaphragm eliminates the need for spermicidal jelly.
- D. The diaphragm should be removed 1 hour following intercourse.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The diaphragm may be cleaned with soap and water after use, which is a key teaching point for maintenance. Diaphragms require fitting as sizes vary, must be used with spermicidal jelly, and should remain in place for 6 hours post-intercourse. The other options are incorrect.
A community health nurse is leading a health education session addressing menopause and other aspects of womens health. What dietary supplements should the nurse recommend to prevent morbidity associated with osteoporotic fractures?
- A. Vitamin B12 and vitamin C
- B. Vitamin A and potassium
- C. Vitamin B6 and phosphorus
- D. Calcium and vitamin D
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Calcium and vitamin D supplementation are recommended to reduce bone loss and prevent osteoporotic fractures, a key concern in menopause. Other listed supplements do not address bone health effectively.
The nurse is being trained to perform assessment screenings for abuse on patients who come into the walk-in clinic where the nurse works. Which of the following assessment questions is most appropriate?
- A. Would you describe your relationship as healthy and functional?
- B. Have you ever been forced into sexual activity?
- C. Do you make your husband uncontrollably angry?
- D. How is conflict usually handled in your home?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Asking about abuse directly, such as inquiring about forced sexual activity, is effective in identifying the presence of abuse and should be included in the health history of the patients. Oblique questions that relate to the character of the relationship or conflict resolution are less useful clinically. Asking about making a partner angry is inappropriate as it implies blame and does not directly screen for abuse.
A 21-year-old woman has sought care because of heavy periods and has subsequently been diagnosed with menorrhagia. The nurse should recognize which of the following as the most likely cause of the patients health problem?
- A. Hormonal disturbances
- B. Cervical or uterine cancer
- C. Pelvic inflammatory disease
- D. A sexually transmitted infection (STI)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Menorrhagia in young women is most commonly caused by hormonal disturbances, which disrupt normal menstrual regulation. Cervical or uterine cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease, and STIs are less likely causes in this age group.