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The nurse manager meets with upper administration and learns that the strategic plan for nursing is to have 80% BSN staff within the next 3 years. The nurse manager then built her budget to meet the organization's strategic goal by providing tuition reimbursement and flexible work hours, which required some agency staffing. Which approach to budgeting is used?
- A. Iterative
- B. Top-down
- C. Participatory
- D. Zero-based
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Participatory. The nurse manager involves staff in the budgeting process by allowing input through tuition reimbursement and flexible work hours. This approach promotes engagement and collaboration, aligning with the organization's strategic goal of increasing BSN staff. Participatory budgeting is characterized by involving stakeholders in decision-making, leading to buy-in and better implementation of the budget.
Summary of other choices:
A: Iterative - Involves repeating steps to refine the budget, not necessarily focused on stakeholder participation.
B: Top-down - Decision-making comes from upper management without much input from lower levels.
D: Zero-based - Requires justifying every expense from scratch, not necessarily involving staff input in decision-making.
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A bill is pending in the state legislature that will mandate teaching health promotion related to smoking cessation. Which action by the nurse should have the greatest impact on passage of the bill?
- A. Explain the rationale for the bill to the school board.
- B. Contact the elected representative's office by telephone to request support for the bill.
- C. Support a health advocate to run for election as state representative.
- D. Tell all students about the bill.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Contact the elected representative's office by telephone to request support for the bill. This action is the most direct and effective way to influence the passage of the bill. By directly contacting the elected representative, the nurse can advocate for the importance of the bill and provide relevant information to garner their support. This direct communication with the decision-maker holds significant weight in influencing their vote on the bill.
A: Explaining the rationale to the school board may be informative, but the school board may not have direct influence on the state legislature.
C: Supporting a health advocate to run for election is a long-term strategy and may not have an immediate impact on the passage of the bill.
D: Telling all students about the bill may raise awareness but may not directly influence the lawmakers' decisions.
A client who is reading a newspaper asks, "This article about health care states that many providers of health care lack effectiveness. What is the difference between effectiveness and efficiency?" The nurse explains that:
- A. effective means performing the correct test or intervention whereas efficiency refers to the wise use of supplies and resources for the desired outcome.
- B. effective refers to competence in clinical practice and efficiency describes quick completion of the task.
- C. efficiency means wasting and meeting a minimum standard and effectiveness refers to taking all the time needed to exceed expectations.
- D. efficiency refers to speed and effectiveness refers to the usefulness of the implementation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Define effectiveness and efficiency - Effectiveness is achieving the intended outcome, while efficiency is achieving the outcome with minimal waste.
Step 2: Analyze option A - It correctly defines effectiveness as performing the correct test or intervention and efficiency as the wise use of supplies and resources for the desired outcome.
Step 3: Justification - The nurse explains that many healthcare providers lack effectiveness, indicating they are not achieving the desired outcomes, which aligns with the definition of effectiveness in option A.
Step 4: Summary of incorrect choices - B incorrectly defines efficiency as quick completion of tasks, C confuses efficiency with wastage, and D incorrectly associates efficiency with speed rather than minimal waste.
"A patient with end-stage renal disease has a potassium level of 5 mEq/L. Based on this laboratory result, the nurse interprets which symptom as significant prompting which action?
- A. Drowsiness, stimulate the patient every 30 minutes
- B. Confusion, ask the patient to state their name and date of birth
- C. Irregular heartbeat, evaluate the patient's capillary refill
- D. Muscle cramps, elevate the affected limb"
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer C: Irregular heartbeat is a significant symptom of hyperkalemia, which can be life-threatening. The nurse should evaluate capillary refill to assess perfusion. High potassium levels can affect cardiac function, leading to arrhythmias. Monitoring capillary refill provides insight into tissue perfusion, helping to assess the severity of the condition and guide appropriate interventions.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A: Drowsiness is not a typical symptom of hyperkalemia. Stimulating the patient every 30 minutes does not address the underlying issue.
B: Confusion is not a common symptom of hyperkalemia. Asking the patient to state their name and birthdate does not address the cardiac implications of high potassium levels.
D: Muscle cramps may occur with hyperkalemia but are not as critical as irregular heartbeat. Elevating the affected limb is not the priority in this situation.
A nurse interested in life satisfaction among patients receiving hemodialysis reviews databases and identifies relevant studies which are then statistically analyzed providing generalization through multiple studies. The nurse researcher is using which type of research?
- A. Quasi-experimental
- B. Secondary analysis
- C. Meta-analysis
- D. Survey
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Meta-analysis. In this scenario, the nurse researcher is combining and analyzing data from multiple studies on life satisfaction among hemodialysis patients to draw overall conclusions. Meta-analysis allows for generalization through synthesizing results from various studies, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the topic.
Incorrect choices:
A: Quasi-experimental - This involves manipulating variables to observe their effects, which is not the case in the given scenario.
B: Secondary analysis - This refers to re-analyzing existing data, not multiple studies as in meta-analysis.
D: Survey - Surveys involve collecting data directly from participants, whereas in this case, existing studies are being analyzed.
This certificate of inspection is health policy enforced at which level of government?
- A. Local
- B. State
- C. Federal
- D. International
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: State. State governments are responsible for enforcing health policies such as certificates of inspection within their own jurisdiction. They have the authority to regulate and monitor health standards at the state level. Local governments (A) typically focus on implementing policies within their specific region, while federal governments (C) oversee broader health policies that apply across the entire country. International (D) level does not have jurisdiction over local health policies. Therefore, the state level is the most appropriate answer for enforcing a certificate of inspection in this context.