Nokea
The nurse needs to administer feedings to a client who has diarrhea due to gastroenteritis. Which of the following factors should the nurse consider?
- A. Administer feedings at room temperature
- B. Administer cold feedings
- C. Administer bolus feedings
- D. Administer intermittent feedings
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Room temperature feedings reduce gastric irritation, which can help prevent worsening diarrhea.
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In the tunica mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine, a series of folds called the ______ functions to ______.
- A. plicae circulares; increase surface area
- B. villi; increase surface area
- C. microvilli; allow the small intestine to expand
- D. rugae; allow the small intestine to expand
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: plicae circulares; increase surface area. Plicae circulares are circular folds in the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption. They help in maximizing contact with digested food. Villi and microvilli are structures on the surface of the small intestine that further increase surface area for absorption but are not the folds themselves. Rugae are folds found in the stomach, not the small intestine.
What should the nurse emphasize when teaching patients at risk for upper GI bleeding to prevent bleeding episodes?
- A. All stools and vomitus must be tested for the presence of blood.
- B. The use of over-the-counter (OTC) medications of any kind should be avoided.
- C. Antacids should be taken with all prescribed medications to prevent gastric irritation.
- D. Misoprostol (Cytotec) should be used to protect the gastric mucosa in individuals with peptic ulcers.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Over-the-counter medications, especially NSAIDs, should be avoided as they can increase the risk of gastric irritation and bleeding.
A patient is scheduled for biopsy of a painful tongue ulcer. Based on knowledge of risk factors for oral cancer
- A. what should the nurse specifically ask the patient about during a history?
- B. Excessive exposure to sunlight
- C. Recurrent herpes simplex infections
- D. Use of any type of tobacco products
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tobacco use is a major risk factor for oral cancer, so it is crucial to ask the patient about their smoking or chewing habits.
Which type of cells produce insulin in the pancreas?
- A. acinar cells
- B. duct cells
- C. alpha cells
- D. beta cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: beta cells. Beta cells are the specific type of cells in the pancreas responsible for producing insulin. They are located in the islets of Langerhans and play a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. Acinar cells (A) are responsible for producing digestive enzymes, duct cells (B) are involved in transporting pancreatic enzymes, and alpha cells (C) produce glucagon, which has the opposite effect of insulin in regulating blood sugar. Therefore, the correct choice is beta cells as they are the primary insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
Vomitting is not usually caused by:
- A. Irritation if the duodenal mucosa
- B. Diseases of the inner ear
- C. Microbial toxins in the blood
- D. Severe exercise
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Diseases of the inner ear. Vomiting is primarily controlled by the vomiting center in the brainstem, which responds to various stimuli such as irritation of the duodenal mucosa (Choice A), microbial toxins in the blood (Choice C), and severe exercise (Choice D). Diseases of the inner ear do not directly trigger the vomiting reflex, making Choice B the correct answer.