Nokea
The nurse plans care for the patient with APSGN based on what knowledge?
- A. [choice A]
- B. [choice B]
- C. [choice C]
- D. [choice D]
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because APSGN (Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis) is caused by an immune response to a streptococcal infection. Therefore, the nurse must understand the pathophysiology, signs/symptoms, treatment, and potential complications associated with APSGN to provide effective care. Choice A, B, and C may not directly address the specific knowledge needed to care for a patient with APSGN, making them incorrect options.
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The most frequent side effect of oral ampicillin is : *
- A. Nausea and vomiting
- B. Loose bowel movements
- C. Constipation
- D. Urticaria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nausea and vomiting. Oral ampicillin commonly causes gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and vomiting due to its impact on the gut flora. This side effect is a result of the antibiotic's mechanism of action and is well-documented in clinical practice. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as loose bowel movements, constipation, and urticaria are not typically associated with oral ampicillin use.
What is the most appropriate response regarding the use of salt substitute for Susan on a salt-restricted diet?
- A. Yes, there are some very good salt substitutes available and they do make the food taste better.
- B. Salt substitutes contain potassium and should be avoided.
- C. You may use a salt substitute now but may need to give it up later.
- D. Why don’t you try seasoning your food with soy sauce or beef bouillon?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because salt substitutes often contain potassium, which can be harmful for individuals on a salt-restricted diet, especially those with kidney issues. Excessive potassium intake can lead to dangerous health complications.
Choice A is incorrect because while some salt substitutes may enhance flavor, the primary concern with their use is the potassium content, not taste improvement.
Choice C is incorrect as it suggests a temporary use of salt substitute, which may not be advisable due to the potential potassium-related health risks.
Choice D is incorrect as it suggests alternative seasonings that may not address the issue of potassium intake from salt substitutes.
The antiviral action of amantadine is exerted through: *
- A. Inhibition of viral protease enzyme
- B. Inhibition of viral RNA mediated DNA synthesis
- C. Interaction with the viral M2 protein
- D. Interaction with a virus directed thymidine kinase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Interaction with the viral M2 protein. Amantadine blocks the M2 ion channel of the influenza A virus, preventing the release of viral RNA into the host cell. This inhibits the viral replication process. Option A is incorrect as amantadine does not target viral protease enzymes. Option B is incorrect as amantadine does not inhibit viral RNA-mediated DNA synthesis, which is a process specific to retroviruses. Option D is incorrect as amantadine does not interact with virus-directed thymidine kinase, which is involved in the activation of certain antiviral medications.
A patient has low cardiac output due to poor cardiac function. He is eclematous. Which one of the following should be avoided because it can aggravate cardiac dysfunctions?
- A. Furosemide
- B. Spironolactone
- C. Mannitol
- D. Hydrochlorothiazide
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mannitol. Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that can worsen heart failure by increasing plasma volume and exacerbating the workload on the heart. Furosemide (A) and Hydrochlorothiazide (D) are loop and thiazide diuretics, respectively, commonly used to manage fluid overload in heart failure patients. Spironolactone (B) is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can be beneficial in heart failure by counteracting potassium loss caused by other diuretics.
The following topical antifungal drugs include all EXCEPT: *
- A. Tolnaftate
- B. Crotamiton
- C. Terbinane
- D. Ciclopirox
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Crotamiton. Crotamiton is not an antifungal drug; it is actually a scabicide and antipruritic agent used to treat scabies and itching.
A: Tolnaftate is an antifungal commonly used to treat fungal skin infections like athlete's foot.
C: Terbinafine is an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections of the skin and nails.
D: Ciclopirox is an antifungal used to treat fungal infections of the nails and skin.