How is an intravenous pyelogram performed?
- A. By palpating the suprapubic area.
- B. By percussing the area over the bladder.
- C. By injecting a contrast dye into the vein.
- D. By using a stethoscope to listen for abnormal sounds.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because an intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is performed by injecting a contrast dye into the vein. This dye travels through the bloodstream, highlighting the kidneys, ureters, and bladder on X-ray images. Palpating the suprapubic area (A) involves feeling for the bladder, but it is not part of an IVP procedure. Percussing the area over the bladder (B) involves tapping to assess for fluid or air, which is not relevant to an IVP. Using a stethoscope to listen for abnormal sounds (D) is not related to the process of an IVP.
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Branches of the abdominal aorta that supply the kidneys are called _________.
- A. Renal capsules
- B. Ureters
- C. Renal arteries
- D. Renal Columns
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Renal arteries. Renal arteries are branches of the abdominal aorta that supply blood to the kidneys. They play a crucial role in delivering oxygenated blood to the kidneys for filtration and waste removal. Choice A, Renal capsules, are fibrous tissue surrounding the kidney, not blood vessels. Choice B, Ureters, are tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, not blood vessels. Choice D, Renal Columns, are extensions of the renal cortex in the kidney, not blood vessels. Hence, C is the correct choice as it directly relates to the blood supply of the kidneys.
During a speculum inspection of the vagina, the nurse would expect to see what at the end of the vaginal canal?
- A. Cervix
- B. Uterus
- C. Ovaries
- D. Fallopian tubes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cervix. During a speculum inspection, the nurse would expect to see the cervix at the end of the vaginal canal. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that connects the uterus to the vagina. It appears as a small, round structure at the end of the vaginal canal. This is an important part of the female reproductive system that can be visualized during a speculum examination.
Summary:
B: Uterus - Incorrect as the uterus is located above the cervix and is not visible at the end of the vaginal canal.
C: Ovaries - Incorrect as the ovaries are located on either side of the uterus and are not visible during a speculum examination.
D: Fallopian tubes - Incorrect as the fallopian tubes are not visible during a speculum examination as they are located above the ovaries and connect the ovaries to the uterus.
The nurse is palpating a female patient's adnexa. The findings include a firm, smooth uterine wall; the ovaries are palpable and feel smooth and firm. The fallopian tube is firm and pulsating. The nurse's most appropriate course of action would be to:
- A. Tell the patient that her examination is normal.
- B. Give her an immediate referral to a gynecologist.
- C. Suggest that she return in a month for a recheck to verify the findings.
- D. Tell the patient that she may have an ovarian cyst that should be evaluated further.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the findings of a firm, smooth uterine wall, palpable ovaries, and a firm, pulsating fallopian tube are concerning for possible gynecological issues such as ovarian cancer or pelvic inflammatory disease. A prompt referral to a gynecologist is necessary for further evaluation, which may include imaging studies or biopsies to rule out serious conditions. Choice A is incorrect as the findings are not normal. Choice C delays necessary evaluation, potentially leading to a progression of any underlying condition. Choice D assumes the presence of an ovarian cyst without further investigation, which is not appropriate given the pulsating fallopian tube and the need for a comprehensive assessment by a specialist.
A patient has had three pregnancies and two live births. The nurse would record this information as gravida _____, para _____, AB _____
- A. 2; 2; 1
- B. 3; 2; 0
- C. 3; 2; 1
- D. 3; 3; 1
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 3; 2; 1. Gravida refers to the total number of pregnancies, including the current one. As the patient has had three pregnancies, the gravida is 3. Para indicates the number of live births, so since the patient has had two live births, the para is 2. AB represents the number of abortions or miscarriages, which is 1 in this case. Therefore, the correct way to record this patient's obstetric history is gravida 3, para 2, AB 1.
Choice A (2; 2; 1) is incorrect because the patient has had three pregnancies, not two. Choice B (3; 2; 0) is incorrect as it does not account for the abortion/miscarriage that occurred. Choice D (3; 3; 1) is also incorrect because the patient has had two live births, not three.
A 22-year-old woman with a history of chronic pelvic pain is being examined. The nurse suspects endometriosis. Which of the following is the most common symptom of endometriosis?
- A. Pain during menstruation.
- B. Pelvic pain that worsens during menstruation.
- C. Pain during ovulation.
- D. Heavy bleeding during menstruation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pelvic pain that worsens during menstruation. This is because endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, leading to inflammation and pain in the pelvic region. The pain typically worsens during menstruation due to the shedding of this tissue, causing irritation and further inflammation.
A: Pain during menstruation is a common symptom, but what distinguishes endometriosis is the worsening of pain during menstruation.
C: Pain during ovulation is not a typical symptom of endometriosis. While some individuals may experience pain during ovulation, it is not the most common symptom.
D: Heavy bleeding during menstruation can occur in endometriosis, but it is not the most common symptom. Pelvic pain that worsens during menstruation is the hallmark symptom of endometriosis.