Nokea
Which is not a relatively common finding in ESRF patients?
- A. Metastatic calcification.
- B. Peripheral neuropathy
- C. Hypophosphatemia
- D. Hyperparathyroidism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypophosphatemia. In end-stage renal failure (ESRF) patients, hypophosphatemia is not a common finding due to impaired renal excretion of phosphate. Metastatic calcification (A) occurs due to high calcium-phosphate product, peripheral neuropathy (B) can result from uremic toxins, and hyperparathyroidism (D) is common in ESRF due to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Therefore, hypophosphatemia is the least likely finding in ESRF patients.
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During a speculum inspection of the vagina, the nurse would expect to see what at the end of the vaginal canal?
- A. Cervix
- B. Uterus
- C. Ovaries
- D. Fallopian tubes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cervix. During a speculum inspection, the nurse would expect to see the cervix at the end of the vaginal canal. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that connects the uterus to the vagina. It appears as a small, round structure at the end of the vaginal canal. This is an important part of the female reproductive system that can be visualized during a speculum examination.
Summary:
B: Uterus - Incorrect as the uterus is located above the cervix and is not visible at the end of the vaginal canal.
C: Ovaries - Incorrect as the ovaries are located on either side of the uterus and are not visible during a speculum examination.
D: Fallopian tubes - Incorrect as the fallopian tubes are not visible during a speculum examination as they are located above the ovaries and connect the ovaries to the uterus.
The basic function of the renal system includes filtration, secretion, reabsorption, and excretion. Which of the following substances is secreted by the nephrons and can be found in the filtrate that is eventually excreted?
- A. Amino Acids
- B. Creatinine
- C. Sodium
- D. Glucose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Creatinine. Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscle metabolism and is filtered by the nephrons in the kidneys. It is then secreted into the filtrate and eventually excreted in the urine. A: Amino Acids are reabsorbed by the nephrons, not secreted. C: Sodium is primarily reabsorbed by the nephrons to maintain electrolyte balance. D: Glucose is normally completely reabsorbed by the nephrons unless there is a medical condition such as diabetes where it may be found in the urine.
The nurse is teaching a health class about UTIs to a appropriate response?
- A. Document the presence of a healthy stom
- C. Assess the patient for further signs and symptoms of
- D. Men over age 65 are equally prone to UTIs as infection.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because assessing the patient for further signs and symptoms of UTI is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment. By evaluating additional symptoms such as frequency, urgency, dysuria, and hematuria, the nurse can confirm the presence of a UTI. This step is essential for appropriate management and preventing complications.
Choice A is incorrect because documenting a healthy stomach does not address the assessment and management of UTIs. Choice B is incomplete and does not provide any relevant information about UTIs. Choice D is incorrect as men over age 65 are actually less prone to UTIs compared to women.
Desmopressin reduces urine volume in which of the following condition? *
- A. Central (neurogeni
- B. diabetes insipidus
- C. Renal (nephrogeni
- D. diabetes insipidus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Desmopressin reduces urine volume in diabetes insipidus by mimicking the action of vasopressin, which is deficient in this condition. It helps to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to decreased urine output. Central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus are not directly treated with desmopressin as they involve different underlying mechanisms. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer.
For which patient with incontinence would a bladder-training program be an appropriate intervention?
- A. The patient with functional incontinence due to mental status changes
- B. The patient with stress incontinence due to weakened bladder neck support
- C. The patient with urge incontinence and abnormal detrusor muscle contractions
- D. The patient with transient incontinence due to inability to get to toileting facilities
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: the patient with urge incontinence and abnormal detrusor muscle contractions. Bladder training is an appropriate intervention for this patient because it aims to increase the bladder capacity and decrease the frequency of abnormal contractions. The program involves scheduled voiding and delaying urination to gradually increase the time between bathroom visits. This helps to retrain the bladder muscles and improve control over urination.
A: Functional incontinence due to mental status changes is not typically addressed through bladder training.
B: Stress incontinence due to weakened bladder neck support is better treated with pelvic floor exercises and lifestyle modifications.
D: Transient incontinence due to inability to get to toileting facilities requires environmental modifications and timed toileting, not bladder training.