Nokea
Laboratory reference ranges
INR
0.8-1.1
The nurse receives report on 4 clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse see first?
- A. Client receiving IV vancomycin who reports discomfort at the peripheral IV site
- B. Client with a pulmonary embolus receiving continuous IV heparin infusion and warfarin who has an INR of 1.9
- C. Client 1 day postoperative receiving patient-controlled analgesia with morphine who reports itching and nausea
- D. Client receiving maintenance IV 0.9% sodium chloride with labeled tubing indicating that tubing was changed 48 hours ago
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Discomfort at an IV vancomycin site suggests possible infiltration or phlebitis, requiring immediate assessment to prevent tissue damage. INR of 1.9 is subtherapeutic but less urgent, itching/nausea are expected morphine side effects, and tubing changed 48 hours ago is within standard protocol.
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The nurse is acting as a preceptor for a student nurse in the labor and delivery unit. Which action by the student would require correction by the nurse?
- A. Removing gloves prior to removing isolation gown
- B. Using a nail brush to scrub underneath artificial nails
- C. Using alcohol-based hand sanitizer instead of washing hands when entering and exiting client room
- D. Washing hands and not wearing gloves when preparing medications in the med room
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Artificial nails harbor bacteria, and scrubbing underneath is inadequate; they should be avoided in labor and delivery. Other actions align with infection control protocols.
A client comes into the community health center upset and crying stating 'I will die of cancer now that I have this disease.' And then the client hands the nurse a paper with one word written on it: 'Pheochromocytoma.' Which response should the nurse state initially?
- A. Pheochromocytomas usually aren't cancerous (malignant). But they may be associated with cancerous tumors in other parts of the body.
- B. This tumor can be treated effectively with chemotherapy.
- C. Surgery is always required to remove this type of tumor.
- D. This condition is always fatal within a few months.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pheochromocytomas usually aren't cancerous (malignant). But they may be associated with cancerous tumors in other parts of the body, providing reassurance and accurate information to alleviate the client's fear.
The afternoon following a thyroidectomy, the client experiences all of the following. Which one indicates to the nurse that the client is experiencing a serious complication?
- A. A sore throat
- B. Pain at the surgical site
- C. Temperature of 100.2°F
- D. Sudden hoarseness
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sudden hoarseness post-thyroidectomy may indicate vocal cord paralysis or hematoma compressing the airway, a serious complication requiring immediate attention. Sore throat, surgical pain, or mild fever are expected.
Because an adult is scheduled for a cystoscopy, the nurse should plan to do which of the following immediately prior to the procedure?
- A. Keep the client NPO for eight hours
- B. Ask the client about claustrophobia
- C. Ask the client about allergies to shellfish
- D. Encourage fluids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cystoscopy may involve iodine-based contrast; shellfish allergies suggest iodine sensitivity, requiring verification. NPO is not needed, claustrophobia is irrelevant, and fluids are not prioritized immediately before.
The nurse is to administer a tuberculin skin test. At what angle should the needle be inserted?
- A. A 10-degree angle
- B. A 30-degree angle
- C. A 60-degree angle
- D. A 90-degree angle
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A 10-degree angle ensures intradermal injection for a tuberculin skin test, creating a wheal for accurate reading.