Nokea
The nurse taught a class on HPV and cervical cancer. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. Most HPV infections resolve on their own within 1 to 2 years.
- B. I can get the HPV vaccination to prevent the most common types of HPV that could cause cervical cancer.
- C. Genital warts cause cervical cancer.
- D. A persistent infection of HPV type 16 or 18 can lead to cervical cancer.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Genital warts cause cervical cancer.
Rationale:
1. Genital warts are caused by certain types of HPV, not cervical cancer.
2. Most HPV infections do resolve on their own, making choice A correct.
3. HPV vaccination can prevent common types of HPV that cause cervical cancer, supporting choice B.
4. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV types, like 16 or 18, can lead to cervical cancer, aligning with choice D.
Summary:
Option C is incorrect because it inaccurately states that genital warts cause cervical cancer. The other choices are correct in their statements regarding HPV infections, vaccination, and the relationship between specific HPV types and cervical cancer.
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Which are risk factors for ovarian cancer? Select all that apply.
- A. Talc use on the perineum
- B. First-degree relative with ovarian cancer
- C. Three or more children
- D. High-fat diet
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Three or more children. Multiparity (having three or more children) has been identified as a protective factor against ovarian cancer due to the repeated ovulation and hormonal changes during pregnancy. A: Talc use on the perineum is not a well-established risk factor. B: Having a first-degree relative with ovarian cancer increases the risk, but it is not as significant as having multiple children. D: High-fat diet has been suggested as a risk factor, but the evidence is not as strong as the protective effect of multiparity.
A 32-week-gestation client was last seen in the prenatal clinic at 28 weeks' gestation. Which of the following changes should the nurse bring to the attention of the certified nurse midwife?
- A. Weight change from 128 pounds to 138 pounds.'
- B. Pulse rate change from 88 bpm to 92 bpm.'
- C. Blood pressure change from 120/80 to 118/78.'
- D. Respiratory rate change from 16 rpm to 20 rpm.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a weight gain of 10 pounds in 4 weeks for a 32-week-gestation client is excessive and may indicate a potential issue such as gestational diabetes or preeclampsia.
B: The pulse rate change is within a normal range for pregnancy.
C: The blood pressure change is minimal and still within normal limits.
D: The respiratory rate change is also within normal limits for pregnancy.
The nurse is counseling a client on dietary recommendations for dysmenorrhea. Which statement by the client indicates understanding of the recommendations?
- A. I should adopt a vegan diet.
- B. I should avoid pretzels and potato chips.
- C. I should increase my intake of cranberry juice.
- D. I should avoid dairy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - I should avoid pretzels and potato chips.
Rationale:
1. Pretzels and potato chips are high in salt, which can contribute to bloating and water retention, exacerbating dysmenorrhea symptoms.
2. Avoiding these snacks can help regulate blood sugar levels and reduce inflammation, leading to improved menstrual discomfort.
3. Choosing healthier snack options like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can provide essential nutrients and support overall well-being.
Incorrect Choices:
A. Adopting a vegan diet may or may not directly impact dysmenorrhea symptoms, as it depends on the individual's specific dietary needs and nutrient intake.
C. Increasing cranberry juice intake is more commonly recommended for urinary tract infections, not specifically for dysmenorrhea.
D. Avoiding dairy is not a universal recommendation for dysmenorrhea, as dairy products can provide essential nutrients like calcium and vitamin D that are beneficial for overall health.
The nurse is reviewing the chart of a client who is complaining of heavy bleeding with her menstrual cycles. The nurse is aware that which of the following is a possible cause?
- A. Uterine fibroids
- B. Excessive exercise
- C. Normal finding in pregnancy
- D. Diet high in fat
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Uterine fibroids. Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths in the uterus that can lead to heavy menstrual bleeding. The nurse should consider this as a possible cause based on the client's symptoms.
Incorrect Choices:
B: Excessive exercise - While excessive exercise can sometimes affect menstrual cycles, it is not a common cause of heavy bleeding.
C: Normal finding in pregnancy - Heavy bleeding during menstrual cycles is not a normal finding in pregnancy.
D: Diet high in fat - While diet can impact overall health, a diet high in fat is not a direct cause of heavy menstrual bleeding.
A nurse is performing a gynecological health history interview on a 17-year-old Caucasian adolescent. The girl appears anxious and states, 'I found a lump in my left breast, and I am worried that it may be cancer.' What factors should the nurse be aware of prior to responding to this patient? Select all that apply.
- A. Breast fibroadenomas are the most common breast tumor in women after puberty and between the ages of 15 and 30.
- B. African American women tend to develop fibroadenomas more often and at an earlier age than Caucasian women.
- C. Young women are at increased risk for breast cancer.
- D. The cause of fibroadenoma is a cancerous condition.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because breast fibroadenomas are indeed the most common benign breast tumor in women after puberty, typically occurring between the ages of 15 and 30. The nurse should be aware of this fact when assessing the patient's concern about the lump. Fibroadenomas are non-cancerous and do not increase the risk of breast cancer.
Choice B is incorrect because fibroadenomas are more common in Caucasian women, not African American women. Choice C is incorrect because young women like the patient are generally at low risk for breast cancer. Choice D is also incorrect because fibroadenomas are not caused by cancerous conditions.