Nokea
The nurse teaches a postmenopausal patient with stage III breast cancer about the expected outcomes of cancer treatment. Which patient statement indicates that the teaching has been effective?
- A. After cancer has not recurred for 5 years, it is considered cured.
- B. The cancer will be cured if the entire tumor is surgically removed.
- C. I will need follow-up examinations for many years after treatment before I can be considered cured.
- D. Cancer is never cured, but the tumor can be controlled with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stage III breast cancer's advanced local spread means long-term vigilance, not a quick cured' label. Five years recurrence-free is a milestone, but not universal some hit sooner, others never. Surgery alone won't cut it; chemo and radiation tag-team it. Never cured' overstates control's the goal, but cure's possible. Nurses in oncology drill this: years of follow-ups track sneaky recurrence, key for stage III's tricky prognosis.
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You are monitoring your client who is at risk for spinal cord compression related to tumor growth. Which client statement is most likely to suggest early manifestation?
- A. Last night my back really hurt, and I had trouble sleeping
- B. My leg has been giving out when I try to stand
- C. My bowels are just not moving like they usually do
- D. When I try to pass my urine, I have difficulty starting the stream
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spinal cord compression from tumors strikes early with back pain reported in 95% of cases as vertebral pressure or nerve irritation flares, a red flag needing urgent imaging to prevent paralysis. Leg weakness signals motor loss, a later sign as compression worsens. Bowel or bladder issues like constipation or hesitancy mark advanced nerve involvement, not initial hints. Nurses prioritize this pain statement, recognizing its prevalence and timing, prompting swift action like steroids or surgery to halt progression, critical in cancer clients where spinal integrity dictates mobility and survival.
Which of the following statements regarding weight regulation is FALSE?
- A. The reward system of weight regulation cannot override the signals from the homeostatic weight regulation circuitry
- B. Weight regain after weight loss is physiological and not necessarily due to a failure of conscious efforts to lose weight
- C. Liking and wanting of food are subconscious processes
- D. In human studies, functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown overactivation of reward-encoding brain regions and/or deficiency in cortical inhibitory networks in obese people
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reward can trump homeostatic signals dopamine's pull often beats leptin's brake, a false claim busted by obesity's hedonic drive. Regain's wired, liking/wanting's deep, fMRI shows reward overdrive, and corticolimbic rules non-homeostatic. Clinicians tackle this override, a chronic quirk in weight's tug-of-war.
For a patient who is receiving chemotherapy, which laboratory result is of particular importance?
- A. WBC
- B. PT and PTT
- C. Electrolytes
- D. BUN
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chemotherapy suppresses bone marrow, slashing white blood cell counts especially neutrophils heightening infection risk, making WBC monitoring paramount. Low counts trigger protective measures or treatment holds, directly tied to therapy's myelosuppressive core. PT and PTT track clotting, relevant for bleeding but less immediate. Electrolytes matter for overall status, but imbalances aren't chemotherapy's primary threat. BUN reflects kidney function, indirectly affected by some drugs, not the frontline concern. WBC's critical drop demands swift action fevers in neutropenia are emergencies underscoring its priority in safeguarding patients through treatment's immune-compromising phases.
A 20 day old neonate born at term is exposed to a child with chicken pox, what intervention should take place?
- A. Give ZIG to all such neonates
- B. Give ZIG depending on mothers serology
- C. Give aciclovir to all
- D. Give aciclovir depending on mothers serology
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Neonate, 20 days ZIG if mom's seronegative, not blanket or aciclovir guess. Nurses tie this chronic shield to history.
The Pulmonary rehabilitation program consists of several specific components. Which of the following are not a part of the program?
- A. Education and self-management
- B. Exercise training
- C. Coping measures to relieve anxiety, depression and changes in behaviour
- D. Spirometry
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pulmonary rehab builds COPD strength education, exercise, coping tools for mind and mood, all in. Spirometry's a test, not therapy diagnoses, doesn't train. Nurses skip it here, a chronic fix's focus.