Nokea
The nurse understands that the physician would need to be notified regarding a chemotherapy dose if the client experiences:
- A. Fatigue
- B. Nausea and vomiting
- C. Stomatitis
- D. Bone marrow suppression
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chemotherapy's marrow hit bone marrow suppression drops counts like neutrophils or platelets, risking infection or bleeding, a dose-limiting toxicity needing physician review to adjust or pause treatment. Fatigue, nausea, and stomatitis are common, manageable with nursing care rest, antiemetics, mouth rinses unless extreme. Suppression's severity, tied to labs (e.g., ANC <500), halts therapy to protect the client, a critical threshold nurses monitor, distinguishing it from routine side effects, ensuring safety in this marrow-bashing regimen.
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What do you tell patients is the most important risk factor for lung cancer when you are teaching about lung cancer prevention?
- A. Cigarette smoking
- B. Exposure to environmental/occupational carcinogens
- C. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
- D. Pipe or cigar smoking
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cigarette smoking towers as lung cancer's top risk 80-90% of cases tie to its carcinogens like tar and nicotine, a dose-dependent killer dwarfing other factors. Environmental/occupational exposures like asbestos amplify risk, especially with smoking, but lack its prevalence. ETS hikes risk by 35%, significant yet secondary. Pipe or cigar smoking carries risk, less than cigarettes due to inhalation patterns. Teaching smoking as paramount drives home its preventable dominance, urging cessation as the gold-standard defense, a nurse's key message to slash lung cancer odds, backed by epidemiology and public health campaigns.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is caused by:
- A. Ventricular hypertrophy reducing contractility of muscles
- B. Decreased perfusion of the myocardium
- C. Dilated cardiomyopathy
- D. Impaired ventricular relaxation resulting in the lack of ability of ventricles to fill with blood
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: HFpEF stiff ventricles won't relax, slashing fill-up, not pump-out. Hypertrophy aids, doesn't cause; perfusion dips hurt supply; dilated's HFrEF. Nurses target this, a chronic fill flaw.
Which of the following statements regarding weight regulation is TRUE?
- A. Weight regain after weight loss is physiological and not necessarily due to a failure of conscious efforts (to lose weight)
- B. The reward system of weight regulation is homeostatic in nature
- C. Liking' and wanting' of food are mainly conscious processes
- D. In human studies, functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown deficiency in reward-encoding brain regions and/or over activation in cortical inhibitory networks in obese people
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Weight bounces back biology, not just willpower; rewards aren't homeostatic, liking's subconscious, fMRI flips, hypothalamus rules. Nurses get this chronic rebound truth.
Which of the following conditions/abnormalities is always present in people who are diagnosed with metabolic syndrome?
- A. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- B. Disturbed renal function
- C. Hypertension
- D. Insulin resistance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metabolic syndrome's core insulin resistance ties the knot, not always diabetes, kidney flops, or high BP. A chronic root nurses peg this constant.
Which of the following statements regarding dietary approaches to obesity treatment is TRUE?
- A. Dietary modifications are generally not sustainable and hence dietary approaches are not as important as pharmacological approaches
- B. There is no Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) level of evidence regarding decreasing sugar sweetened beverages
- C. Dietary approaches can be broadly categorised into energy-focused, macronutrient-focused, dietary pattern-focused, and dietary timing-focused
- D. Long-term diet trials have shown intermittent fasting to be superior to continuous energy restriction with respect to average weight loss
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diet's obesity fight splits smart energy, macros, patterns, and timing frame approaches, a true lens on options like low-carb or fasting. Sustainability varies, RCTs back sugar cuts, fasting ties (not tops) restriction, and proteins sate more than carbs. Clinicians wield this quartet, tailoring chronic plans, a broad truth in food's fat battle.