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The nurse, upon reviewing the history, discoversthe patient has dysuria. Which assessment finding is consistent with dysuria?
- A. Blood in the urine
- B. Burning upon urination
- C. Immediate, strong desire to void
- D. Awakes from sleep due to urge to void
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dysuria is defined as a burning or painful sensation during urination. It is a common symptom of various urinary tract infections and other conditions affecting the urinary system. Patients experiencing dysuria often describe a discomfort or burning sensation while passing urine. Therefore, the assessment finding consistent with dysuria is the presence of burning upon urination.
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A nurse is assessing a patient with an acoustic neuroma who has been recently admitted to an oncology unit. What symptoms is the nurse likely to find during the initial assessment?
- A. Loss of hearing, tinnitus, and vertigo
- B. Loss of vision, change in mental status, and hyperthermia
- C. Loss of hearing, increased sodium retention, and hypertension
- D. Loss of vision, headache, and tachycardia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A nurse assessing a patient with an acoustic neuroma would likely find symptoms such as loss of hearing, tinnitus, and vertigo. Acoustic neuroma, also known as vestibular schwannoma, is a noncancerous tumor that develops on the vestibulocochlear nerve, which carries sound and balance signals from the inner ear to the brain. The most common symptoms of an acoustic neuroma include progressive hearing loss, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), and dizziness or imbalance (vertigo). Therefore, option A is the most appropriate choice for the symptoms that the nurse is likely to find in a patient with an acoustic neuroma.
You are caring for an adult patient who has developed a mild oral yeast infection following chemotherapy. What actions should you encourage the patient to perform? Select all that apply.
- A. Use a lip lubricant.
- B. Scrub the tongue with a firm-bristled toothbrush.
- C. Use dental floss every 24 hours.
- D. Rinse the mouth with normal saline. E) Eat spicy food to aid in eradicating the yeast.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Using a lip lubricant can help keep the lips moist and prevent further irritation caused by the yeast infection.
The nurse educator is discussing neoplasms with a group of recent graduates. The educator explains that he effects of neoplasms are caused by the compression and infiltration of normal tissue. The physiologic changes that result can cause what pathophysiologic events? Select all that apply.
- A. Intracranial hemorrhage
- B. Infection of cerebrospinal fluid
- C. Increased ICP
- D. Focal neurologic signs E) Altered pituitary function
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neoplasms can cause pathophysiologic events such as intracranial hemorrhage and increased intracranial pressure (ICP) due to expansion of the mass within the confined space of the skull. Intracranial hemorrhage can occur as the neoplasm damages blood vessels in the brain or causes them to become more fragile. Increased ICP can result from the growing mass causing compression of surrounding structures and obstructing the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, leading to symptoms such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, and changes in mental status.
A 50-year-old man diagnosed with leukemia will begin chemotherapy. What would the nurse do to combat the most common adverse effects of chemotherapy?
- A. Administer an antiemetic.
- B. Administer an antimetabolite.
- C. Administer a tumor antibiotic.
- D. Administer an anticoagulant.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nausea and vomiting are common adverse effects of chemotherapy. Administering an antiemetic helps to prevent or reduce these symptoms in patients undergoing chemotherapy. By managing nausea and vomiting, the patient's overall well-being and quality of life during treatment can be improved. Therefore, providing an antiemetic medication is essential in combating these adverse effects and promoting patient comfort and compliance with treatment.
The nurse is providing care for a patient who has benefited from a cochlear implant. The nurse should understand that this patients health history likely includes which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. The patient was diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss.
- B. The patients hearing did not improve appreciably with the use of hearing aids.
- C. The patient has deficits in peripheral nervous function.
- D. The patients hearing deficit is likely accompanied by a cognitive deficit. E) The patient is unable to lip-read.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. The patient was diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss.