Nokea
The nurse would expect to see an adjusted dosage in what patients? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Young adult women
- B. older adults
- C. Infants
- D. Neonates
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Infants, neonates, and older adults require dosage adjustments due to differences in metabolism and organ function.
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Bisphosphonates treat or prevent osteoporosis by:
- A. Inhibiting osteoclastic activity
- B. Fostering bone resorption
- C. Enhancing calcium uptake in the bone
- D. Strengthening the osteoclastic proton pump
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclasts, reducing bone resorption; they don't foster resorption or enhance uptake .
John has clonidine, a centrally acting adrenergic blocker, prescribed for his hypertension. He should:
- A. Not miss a dose or stop taking the drug because of potential rebound hypertension
- B. Increase fiber in the diet to treat any diarrhea that may occur
- C. Reduce fluid intake to less than 2 liters per day to prevent fluid retention
- D. Avoid sitting for long periods, as this can lead to deep vein thrombosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clonidine withdrawal can cause rebound hypertension, making adherence critical.
A nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed drug. Which information about the drug would be most important for the nurse to know?
- A. Normal dosage range
- B. Special precautions in administration
- C. Drug's most common adverse effects
- D. All the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse must have factual knowledge of each drug given, the reason for use of the drug, the drug's general action, the more common adverse reactions associated with the drug, special precautions in administration (if any), and the normal dose ranges.
A 24-year-old male received multiple fractures in a motor vehicle accident that required significant amounts of opioid medication to treat his pain. He is at risk for a __ adverse drug reaction when he no longer requires the opioids.
- A. Rapid
- B. First-dose
- C. Late
- D. Delayed
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Opioid withdrawal after heavy use is a Type E (end-of-use) ADR, but 'Rapid' fits the abrupt cessation context here, though not standard typology.
Serum digoxin levels are monitored for potential toxicity. Monitoring should occur:
- A. Within 6 hours of the last dose
- B. Because a reference point is needed in adjusting a dose
- C. After three half-lives from the starting of the drug
- D. When a patient has stable renal function
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Monitoring after three half-lives (steady state) ensures accurate therapeutic levels.