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During a well-child visit, a parent tells the nurse that their preschooler occasionally wakes up during the middle of the night. Based on growth and development, which of the following would be the most common reason for the preschooler to wake up?
- A. Nightmares
- B. Night terrors
- C. Enuresis
- D. Hunger
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nightmares are common in preschoolers and often cause nighttime awakenings.
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An 18-year-old woman asks the nurse not to tell her mother about her STD diagnosis. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Follow the principle of veracity and tell the mother the diagnosis.
- B. Respect the principle of confidentiality and support the client’s request.
- C. Tell the mother the client has a UTI.
- D. Ignore the mother’s request for information.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Confidentiality ensures the client’s privacy, and the client must authorize disclosure to others.
Which individual is at risk for a dysfunction in elimination pattern?
- A. 46-year-old mother of two
- B. 72-year-old white woman
- C. 32-year-old African American man
- D. 15-year-old girl
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Age-related issues, such as incontinence, put elderly individuals at risk for elimination dysfunction.
Which of the following statements about financing health care in the US is accurate?
- A. Insurance premiums increased minimally
- B. State tax dollars fund 50% of Medicaid
- C. Largest spending is on hospital care
- D. Most workers enroll in PPOs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In 2010, a third of health care spending was on hospital care.
A nurse includes the statement, “Treat others the way you would like to be treated.” when teaching a group of adolescents about bullying. Which type of ethical theory is being used in this example?
- A. Descriptive value theory
- B. Normative theory
- C. Consequentialism theory
- D. Duty-based theory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Normative theories provide reasoned explanations of moral behavior and the moral purpose of human interactions.
A nurse is educating a 35-year-old woman about the best exercises to engage in to prevent bone loss. Which of the following exercises would the nurse recommend?
- A. Walking
- B. Swimming
- C. Weight training
- D. Bike riding
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Weight-bearing activities like walking help maintain bone density and prevent osteoporosis.