Nokea
A nurse is planning care for a school-age child who is 4 hr postoperative following appendicitis. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
- A. Give cromolyn nebulized solution every 8 hr.
- B. Administer analgesics on a scheduled basis for the first 24 hr.
- C. Apply a warm compress to the operative site once daily.
- D. Offer small amounts of clear liquids 6 hr following surgery.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Administer analgesics on a scheduled basis for the first 24 hr. Postoperative pain management is crucial for a child recovering from surgery. By administering analgesics on a scheduled basis, the nurse ensures that the child's pain is effectively managed, promoting comfort and facilitating recovery. Cromolyn nebulized solution (choice A) is not indicated for pain management post-appendectomy. Applying a warm compress once daily (choice C) may not provide adequate pain relief. Offering small amounts of clear liquids 6 hr following surgery (choice D) is important for hydration but does not address pain management directly in the immediate postoperative period.
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The doctor has ordered Synthroid 75 mcg oral daily. The available Synthroid is 0.15 mg tablets. How many tablets will the nurse administer?
- A. 1 tablet
- B. 0.5 tablet
- C. 2 tablets
- D. 1.5 tablets
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 0.5 tablet. To determine the number of tablets needed, convert 75 mcg to mg by dividing by 1000 (75 mcg = 0.075 mg). Then, divide the prescribed dose (0.075 mg) by the tablet strength (0.15 mg) to find the number of tablets needed (0.075 mg / 0.15 mg = 0.5 tablet). This calculation ensures the patient receives the correct dosage. Choice A is incorrect as it does not account for the tablet strength. Choices C and D are incorrect as they result in a higher dose than prescribed.
The emergency room nurse is caring for a patient with severe burns knows that the priority immediate intervention is which of the following?
- A. Cover the burns to prevent infection
- B. Provide anti-inflammatory medication
- C. Stop the burning process
- D. Provide anti-cyanide medication
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stop the burning process. This is the priority immediate intervention for a patient with severe burns because stopping the burning process helps prevent further tissue damage. It involves removing the patient from the source of the burn, extinguishing any flames, and cooling the burn with water. This action is crucial in minimizing the extent of the injury and improving outcomes.
A: Covering the burns to prevent infection is important but not the immediate priority.
B: Providing anti-inflammatory medication can be considered later but is not the primary immediate intervention.
D: Providing anti-cyanide medication is not relevant for severe burns.
A nurse is caring for an adolescent with a closed femur fracture who also has HIV. What type of precautions should the nurse institute?
- A. The patient should be placed on neutropenic precautions due to the risk of osteomyelitis
- B. The patient should be placed on standard precautions to diminish the risk of HIV transmission
- C. The patient should be placed on contact precautions to prevent contact with blood or bloody fluid
- D. The patient should be placed on isolation once the HIV status is suspected
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The patient should be placed on standard precautions to diminish the risk of HIV transmission. Standard precautions are used for all patients to prevent the transmission of infection. In this case, the adolescent has a closed femur fracture and HIV, so the nurse should follow standard precautions, which include hand hygiene, wearing gloves, and using personal protective equipment as needed. Neutropenic precautions (choice A) are not necessary unless the patient has a low white blood cell count. Contact precautions (choice C) are used for specific infections that are spread by direct contact with the patient or their environment. Isolation (choice D) is not required solely based on HIV status.
An 18-month-old patient with Down's Syndrome has a history of mild pulmonary hypertension which requires a daily dose of Furosemide (Lasix). The mother is questioning if the new dose is correct after an adjustment at the child's last Cardiology visit. The child weighs 22 pounds and the dosing for furosemide (Lasix) for this child 2mg/kg/dose. What is the appropriate dose of Furosemide Lasix for this child?
- A. 44 mg/dose
- B. 28 mg/dose
- C. 20 mg/dose
- D. 10 mg/dose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct dose of Furosemide (Lasix) for this child is 20 mg/dose. To calculate the appropriate dose, we first convert the child's weight from pounds to kilograms (22 lbs ÷ 2.2 = 10 kg). Then, we multiply the weight by the recommended dose of 2 mg/kg (10 kg x 2 mg/kg = 20 mg/dose). This calculation ensures proper dosing based on the child's weight. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the correct dosage calculation based on the child's weight.
The nurse is providing education to the parents of an infant with cradle cap. Which of the following statements by the parents indicates their understanding?
- A. We should use hydrogen peroxide as shampoo for my child until it is resolved
- B. We should expect that my child will probably have asthma & allergies too
- C. We should brush the loosened crusts out of the hair after shampooing
- D. We should decrease the frequency that I wash my child's hair to once a week
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "We should brush the loosened crusts out of the hair after shampooing." This statement indicates understanding as brushing the loosened crusts helps to remove the scales and prevent further build-up. Hydrogen peroxide (A) is not recommended for cradle cap as it can irritate the skin. Asthma and allergies (B) are not directly related to cradle cap. Decreasing hair wash frequency to once a week (D) can worsen cradle cap by allowing build-up of oils and dead skin cells.