Nokea
The nursing instructor asks the student nurse to explain the action of sumatriptan. What is the student's best response?
- A. Vasodilation of peripheral blood vessels.
- B. Depresses pain response in the central nervous system.
- C. Vasoconstrictive on cranial blood vessels.
- D. Binds to acetylcholine receptors to prevent nerve transmission.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vasoconstrictive on cranial blood vessels. Sumatriptan is a medication used to treat migraines by constricting blood vessels in the brain, which helps to reduce inflammation and pain associated with migraines. This action helps to alleviate migraine symptoms. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because sumatriptan does not cause vasodilation, depress pain response in the central nervous system, or bind to acetylcholine receptors. Sumatriptan specifically targets cranial blood vessels to relieve migraine symptoms.
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The nurse evaluates an improvement in the patient's heart failure (HF) status based on what assessment finding?
- A. Improved mental status.
- B. Using fewer pillows at night.
- C. Increased skin turgor.
- D. Heart rate regular.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Using fewer pillows at night. This indicates decreased fluid retention, a common symptom of heart failure. Improved mental status (A) may not directly correlate with HF improvement. Increased skin turgor (C) is more related to dehydration. A regular heart rate (D) is a positive sign but not specific to HF improvement.
What would be the best source of drug information for a nurse?
- A. Drug Facts and Comparisons.
- B. A nurse drug guide.
- C. A drug package insert.
- D. The Physician's Drug Reference.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: A nurse drug guide. Nurse drug guides are specifically designed to provide concise and relevant drug information tailored for nursing practice. They include essential details such as dosages, administration routes, side effects, and nursing considerations. Drug Facts and Comparisons (A) is more comprehensive and may contain overwhelming information not directly relevant to nursing practice. Drug package inserts (C) are detailed but not user-friendly for quick reference. The Physician's Drug Reference (D) is aimed at physicians, focusing more on diagnosis and treatment rather than nursing care.
A nurse is caring for a neonate born with a congenital heart abnormality. To better help the parents understand the impact of this disorder, the nurse begins by describing the unusual flow of blood through the heart which takes what course?
- A. Deoxygenated blood from the lungs enters the left atrium through the pulmonary artery.
- B. Deoxygenated blood from the lungs enters the right atrium through the pulmonary artery.
- C. Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the right atrium through the pulmonary veins.
- D. Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the left atrium through the pulmonary veins.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. In a normal heart, oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. This oxygen-rich blood then flows into the left ventricle and is pumped out to the body. In a neonate with a congenital heart abnormality, this pathway may be disrupted, leading to potential complications.
Choice A is incorrect because deoxygenated blood from the body, not the lungs, enters the right atrium through the vena cava. Choice B is incorrect as deoxygenated blood from the lungs enters the right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cava. Choice C is incorrect as oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the left atrium, not the right atrium.
Understanding the normal flow of blood through the heart is crucial for comprehending the impact of congenital heart abnormalities on circulation and oxygenation in neonates.
A patient is diagnosed with borderline hypertension and states a desire to make lifestyle changes to avoid needing to take medication. The nurse advises:
- A. Changing from weight-bearing exercise to yoga.
- B. Decreased fluid intake and increased potassium intake.
- C. Stress reduction and increased protein intake.
- D. Weight reduction and decreased sodium intake.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Weight reduction and decreased sodium intake. Weight reduction helps lower blood pressure by reducing strain on the heart and blood vessels. Decreasing sodium intake is crucial as high sodium levels can lead to increased blood pressure. Changing from weight-bearing exercise to yoga (choice A) may not be as effective in lowering blood pressure. Decreased fluid intake and increased potassium intake (choice B) might not directly address the root cause of hypertension. Stress reduction and increased protein intake (choice C) may not have a direct impact on blood pressure compared to weight reduction and sodium intake.
The nurse receives an order for a triptan for a patient diagnosed with a cluster headache. What drug should be indicated for this purpose?
- A. Sumatriptan (Imitrex).
- B. Naratriptan (Amerge).
- C. Frovatriptan (Frova).
- D. Almotriptan (Axert).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sumatriptan (Imitrex). Sumatriptan is the drug of choice for treating cluster headaches due to its rapid onset of action and high efficacy in relieving symptoms. It works by constricting blood vessels in the brain and blocking pain pathways. Naratriptan, Frovatriptan, and Almotriptan are also triptans but are not as effective or fast-acting as Sumatriptan for cluster headaches. Therefore, they are not the ideal choice. Summarily, Sumatriptan is the preferred option for managing cluster headaches due to its quick and potent action compared to other triptans.