Questions About Chronic Diseases

Questions About Chronic Diseases Related

Review Questions About Chronic Diseases related questions and content

The nursing instructor explains the difference between normal cells and benign tumor cells. What information does the instructor provide about these cells?

  • A. Benign tumors grow through invasion of other tissue.
  • B. Benign tumors have lost their cellular regulation from contact inhibition.
  • C. Growing in the wrong place or time is typical of benign tumors.
  • D. The loss of characteristics of the parent cells is called anaplasia.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Benign tumors are fundamentally different from malignant tumors in their behavior and characteristics. Unlike malignant tumors, which invade surrounding tissues, benign tumors do not grow through invasion but rather through hyperplasia, a controlled increase in cell number. They retain contact inhibition, a regulatory mechanism where normal cells stop dividing when they touch each other, preventing uncontrolled growth. The defining feature of benign tumors is that they consist of cells that are essentially normal but are growing in an inappropriate location or at an incorrect time, such as a lipoma in fatty tissue. Anaplasia, on the other hand, refers to the loss of differentiation and is a hallmark of malignant cancer cells, not benign ones. Thus, the instructor would emphasize that benign tumors are misplaced normal cells, making this the accurate statement. This distinction is critical for nursing students to understand, as it impacts diagnosis, treatment decisions, and patient education regarding the non-threatening nature of benign tumors compared to cancerous growths.

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When conventional routes of analgesia have been unsuccessful or are contraindicated for chronic pain syndromes, intrathecal drug delivery systems may be considered. Appropriate indications are likely to include:

  • A. Patients with cancer-related pain in whom life expectancy is estimated to be >3 months.
  • B. Chronic pancreatitis.
  • C. Haematuria loin pain syndrome.
  • D. Chronic low back pain.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Intrathecal drug delivery systems (IDDS) treat severe, refractory pain. Cancer pain with >3 months life expectancy justifies IDDS, balancing implantation risks with prolonged benefit shorter expectancy favors simpler methods. Chronic pancreatitis may respond, but evidence is weaker; it's not a primary indication. Haematuria loin pain syndrome (loin pain haematuria syndrome) is niche, rarely managed with IDDS due to limited data. Chronic low back pain often fails conservative treatment, but IDDS is reserved for extreme cases (e.g., failed back surgery syndrome), not routine. Chronic refractory angina is cardiac, not typically IDDS-eligible. Cancer pain's prevalence, severity, and responsiveness to intrathecal opioids/ziconotide make it the clearest indication, optimizing quality of life in palliative care.

A nurse is assessing a female client who is taking progestins. What assessment finding requires the nurse to notify the provider immediately?

  • A. Irregular menses
  • B. Edema in the lower extremities
  • C. Ongoing breast tenderness
  • D. Red, warm, swollen calf
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Progestins, used in some cancer treatments (e.g., endometrial cancer), increase thromboembolism risk due to their hormonal effects on clotting factors. A red, warm, swollen calf suggests deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a medical emergency requiring immediate provider notification to prevent pulmonary embolism. Irregular menses, edema, and breast tenderness are common side effects of progestins, manageable with monitoring or symptomatic relief, and don't pose the same urgency. DVT's potential to escalate rapidly into a life-threatening condition prioritizes it over other findings. The nurse's prompt reporting ensures timely imaging (e.g., ultrasound) and anticoagulation therapy, aligning with oncology nursing's focus on vigilant complication detection in hormonally treated clients.

Which of the following basic principles do NOT belong to motivational interviewing?

  • A. To confront irrationality
  • B. To avoid discussion
  • C. To help resolve ambivalence
  • D. To be empathic
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: MI skips confrontation empathy, ambivalence aid, no fights, discussion flows. Nurses dodge this, a chronic soft touch.

A 50-year-old male patient has been hospitalized for a wedge resection of the left lower lung lobe after a routine chest x-ray shows carcinoma. The patient is anxious and asks if he can smoke. Which statement by the nurse would be most therapeutic?

  • A. Smoking is the reason you are here
  • B. The doctor left orders for you not to smoke
  • C. You are anxious about the surgery. Do you see smoking as helping?
  • D. Smoking is OK right now, but after your surgery it is contraindicated
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Anxiety's screaming here naming it and asking if smoking helps opens a door to his feelings, not a lecture. Blaming smoking shames him, spiking stress. Citing orders shuts down dialogue. Greenlighting it's reckless nicotine constricts vessels, risking surgical healing, especially post-lung resection. Therapeutic nursing in oncology digs into emotions, guiding patients through fear without judgment, key for pre-op calm.

In the UK, orthognathic surgery is likely to:

  • A. Be undertaken in specialist craniofacial surgery units rather than in maxillofacial surgery units.
  • B. Be associated with a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
  • C. Require a nasal rather than an oral tracheal tube when a Le Fort I osteotomy is performed.
  • D. Require admission of the patient to a high-dependency unit.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Orthognathic surgery corrects jaw deformities in the UK, typically by maxillofacial surgeons, not solely craniofacial units (reserved for complex congenital cases). Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common due to blood swallowing, prolonged surgery, and opioids risk factors per Apfel criteria. Le Fort I osteotomy (maxillary) often uses oral intubation; nasal tubes suit mandibular focus or surgeon preference, not a requirement. High-dependency unit (HDU) admission isn't routine most recover in general wards unless complications (e.g., airway) arise. Cleft palate repair precedes, not follows, orthognathic work. PONV's prevalence reflects surgical and anaesthetic challenges, necessitating robust antiemetic prophylaxis.

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