Nokea
A nurse provides care on a bone marrow transplant unit and is preparing a female patient for a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) the following day. What information should the nurse emphasize to the patient's family and friends?
- A. Your family should likely gather at the bedside in case there's a negative outcome
- B. Make sure she doesn't eat any food in the 24 hours before the procedure
- C. Wear a hospital gown when you go into the patient's room
- D. Do not visit if you've had a recent infection
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: HSCT wipes out immunity, leaving patients prone to sepsis recent infections in visitors could bring pathogens (e.g., flu, strep) into her sterile bubble. Telling family to skip visits if sick is priority, trumping gown-wearing (useful but secondary) or fasting (not typically 24 hours). Gathering for a bad outcome's overly grim HSCT's risky but not a death sentence pre-procedure. Nurses stress this to shield the patient during the 2-4 week engraftment window, when neutropenia peaks, making infection control the linchpin of pre-transplant education in oncology.
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Within the theory of planned behaviour, what is the term used to indicate the idea that a particular behaviour will either succeed or not?
- A. Attitude
- B. Implementation-intention
- C. Intention
- D. Perceived behavioural control
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Planned behaviour control belief sways success odds, not liking, plans, or will. Nurses tap this, a chronic confidence key.
The following are common abnormal laboratory markers in patients with NAFLD except:
- A. Elevated uric acid
- B. Elevated triglycerides
- C. Elevated hct
- D. Elevated GGT
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: NAFLD's lab quirks high triglycerides, GGT, glucose tie to fat and insulin woes; uric acid tags along in gouty pals. Elevated hematocrit? Not here, more polycythemia's game. Clinicians spot this odd-out, focusing chronic liver's true markers.
Which of the following statements regarding weight regulation is FALSE?
- A. Functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown overactivation of reward-encoding brain regions and/or deficiency in cortical inhibitory networks in obese people
- B. The homeostatic weight regulation circuitry centres around the corticolimbic structures of the brain
- C. Liking and wanting of food are subconscious processes
- D. The reward system of weight regulation is nonhomeostatic in nature
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weight regulation involves homeostatic (hypothalamic) and nonhomeostatic (reward-driven) systems. fMRI studies showing reward region overactivation in obesity, subconscious liking/wanting, and the reward system's nonhomeostatic nature are true. However, homeostatic regulation centers on the hypothalamus, not corticolimbic structures (involved in reward/emotion), making this false. Understanding this distinction aids physicians in addressing both physiological and behavioral drivers in chronic obesity management.
In the UK, orthognathic surgery is likely to:
- A. Be undertaken in specialist craniofacial surgery units rather than in maxillofacial surgery units.
- B. Be associated with a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
- C. Require a nasal rather than an oral tracheal tube when a Le Fort I osteotomy is performed.
- D. Require admission of the patient to a high-dependency unit.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Orthognathic surgery corrects jaw deformities in the UK, typically by maxillofacial surgeons, not solely craniofacial units (reserved for complex congenital cases). Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common due to blood swallowing, prolonged surgery, and opioids risk factors per Apfel criteria. Le Fort I osteotomy (maxillary) often uses oral intubation; nasal tubes suit mandibular focus or surgeon preference, not a requirement. High-dependency unit (HDU) admission isn't routine most recover in general wards unless complications (e.g., airway) arise. Cleft palate repair precedes, not follows, orthognathic work. PONV's prevalence reflects surgical and anaesthetic challenges, necessitating robust antiemetic prophylaxis.
Which of the following models calls for a political response to disability?
- A. Social
- B. Medical
- C. Activist
- D. Collaborative
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Social model demands political fixes disability's a society fail, not body flaw nurses see it push access, not just meds. Medical treats; activist's vague; collaborative teams up, no policy call. It's a chronic shift, environment over anatomy.