Nokea
What is the highest likelihood that a doctor acquires HIV from a needlestick injury from an HIV pt?
- A. 0.30%
- B. 2%
- C. 5%
- D. 10%
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: HIV needlestick 0.3% odds, not 2-30's wild leaps. Nurses glove up, a chronic prick stat.
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Which is NOT the main pharmacological activity of Chinese goldenseal (Coptis chinensis) used as a therapy for diabetes?
- A. Alpha-glucosidase inhibition
- B. Anti-inflammation
- C. Anti-atherosclerosis
- D. Protective effects on vascular endothelial function
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chinese goldenseal's diabetes gig alpha-glucosidase block slows sugar, anti-atherosclerosis and endothelial protection guard vessels, all core. Anti-inflammation's a sidekick, not the lead less about sugar control, more general. Clinicians lean on the trio, a chronic herbal angle.
The nurse is caring for a patient with colon cancer who is scheduled for external radiation therapy to the abdomen. Which information obtained by the nurse would indicate a need for patient teaching?
- A. The patient has a history of dental caries.
- B. The patient swims several days each week.
- C. The patient snacks frequently during the day.
- D. The patient showers each day with mild soap.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Abdominal radiation fries skin swimming in chlorinated or salt water during treatment risks irritation or infection in that tender zone. Dental caries don't tie in. Snacking might help nutrition, not hurt. Mild soap showers are fine. Nurses in oncology flag this no swimming' protects radiated skin, a teaching must to dodge complications.
Inhaled medications, such as bronchodilators and glucocorticoids are the main medication treatment methods for COPD. What is the biggest reason for ineffective outcomes?
- A. Patient compliance with dose prescription
- B. Incorrect use of the device
- C. Incorrect prescribing
- D. Reduced drug inhalation due to respiratory disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: COPD inhalers flop most when puffed wrong technique, not timing, trumps compliance, bad scripts, or weak lungs. Spacers, shaky hands nurses fix this, a chronic breath's weak link.
Which organism is most commonly responsible for travelers diarrhea?
- A. toxigenic strain of e coli
- B. clostridium difficile
- C. salmonella
- D. rotavirus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Travelers' trots E. coli's toxigenic strain leads, not C. diff, salmonella, rotavirus, or cholera's flood. Nurses peg this chronic globe-trotter.
In the UK, orthognathic surgery is likely to:
- A. Be undertaken in specialist craniofacial surgery units rather than in maxillofacial surgery units.
- B. Be associated with a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
- C. Require a nasal rather than an oral tracheal tube when a Le Fort I osteotomy is performed.
- D. Require admission of the patient to a high-dependency unit.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Orthognathic surgery corrects jaw deformities in the UK, typically by maxillofacial surgeons, not solely craniofacial units (reserved for complex congenital cases). Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common due to blood swallowing, prolonged surgery, and opioids risk factors per Apfel criteria. Le Fort I osteotomy (maxillary) often uses oral intubation; nasal tubes suit mandibular focus or surgeon preference, not a requirement. High-dependency unit (HDU) admission isn't routine most recover in general wards unless complications (e.g., airway) arise. Cleft palate repair precedes, not follows, orthognathic work. PONV's prevalence reflects surgical and anaesthetic challenges, necessitating robust antiemetic prophylaxis.