Nokea
The only amine hormone to act like a steroid is ________.
- A. TH
- B. ACTH
- C. GH
- D. ADH
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TH (Thyroid Hormone). TH is the only amine hormone that acts like a steroid because it is derived from an amino acid but functions similarly to steroid hormones by entering target cells and binding to intracellular receptors to regulate gene expression. ACTH, GH, and ADH are peptide hormones that do not act like steroids. ACTH stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol, GH stimulates growth, and ADH regulates water balance in the body.
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The transcription of new messenger RNA is a function of __________.
- A. pancreatic hormones
- B. steroid hormones
- C. catecholamines
- D. pituitary gland hormones
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: steroid hormones. Steroid hormones are known to regulate gene expression by binding to specific receptors and influencing transcription processes. They can directly affect the transcription of new messenger RNA in the cell. Pancreatic hormones (A), catecholamines (C), and pituitary gland hormones (D) are not directly involved in the transcription of new messenger RNA. Pancreatic hormones primarily regulate blood sugar levels, catecholamines are involved in the fight-or-flight response, and pituitary gland hormones regulate various functions such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism.
Which of the following hormones come from anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
- A. Inhibin
- B. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
- C. Triiodothyronine
- D. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: b
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH is produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol. Inhibin is produced in the ovaries and testes, not the pituitary gland. Triiodothyronine is a thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland, not the pituitary gland. Oxytocin is produced by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, not the anterior lobe. Therefore, the correct answer is B because it is the hormone that originates from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
A diabetic patient is found unconscious at home and a family member calls the clinic. After determining that a glucometer is not available, what should the nurse advise the family member to do?
- A. Have the patient drink some orange juice.
- B. Administer 10 U of regular insulin subcutaneously.
- C. Call for an ambulance to transport the patient to a medical facility.
- D. Administer glucagon 1 mg intramuscularly (IM) or subcutaneously.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: If the patient is unconscious and unable to swallow, glucagon should be administered to raise blood glucose levels safely.
The home care nurse should intervene to correct a patient whose insulin administration includes
- A. warming a prefilled refrigerated syringe in the hands before administration.
- B. storing syringes prefilled with NPH and regular insulin needle-up in the refrigerator.
- C. placing the insulin bottle currently in use in a small container on the bathroom countertop.
- D. mixing an evening dose of regular insulin with insulin glargine in one syringe for administration.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Insulin glargine should never be mixed with other insulins. This could alter its action and effectiveness.
ADH will stimulate _____ water reabsorption by the kidneys and ______ of the blood vessels; thus _____ blood pressure.
- A. decrease: constriction: increase
- B. decrease: dilation: decrease
- C. increase: constriction: increase
- D. increase: dilation: decrease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because ADH (antidiuretic hormone) increases water reabsorption by the kidneys (increasing blood volume), causes vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels), and ultimately leads to an increase in blood pressure. Choice A is incorrect because ADH does not decrease water reabsorption. Choice B is incorrect because ADH does not cause dilation of blood vessels, which would decrease blood pressure. Choice D is incorrect because ADH does not cause dilation of blood vessels, which would not lead to a decrease in blood pressure.