Nokea
The ovaries secrete which of the following hormones?
- A. Oestrogen
- B. Luteinising hormone
- C. Follicle stimulating hormone
- D. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oestrogen. Ovaries secrete oestrogen, a key female sex hormone involved in the development of secondary sexual characteristics, regulation of the menstrual cycle, and maintenance of pregnancy. Luteinising hormone (B) and follicle stimulating hormone (C) are secreted by the pituitary gland to regulate ovarian function. Oxytocin (D) is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland for uterine contractions and milk ejection, not by the ovaries. Therefore, A is correct as ovaries primarily produce oestrogen.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which nerve is NOT involved in the efferent (motor) swallow reflex?
- A. trigeminal
- B. vagus
- C. facial
- D. hypoglossal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: vagus. The efferent swallow reflex involves motor nerves responsible for swallowing. The vagus nerve is primarily responsible for the afferent (sensory) pathway in the swallow reflex, while the efferent pathway involves the trigeminal, facial, and hypoglossal nerves. The trigeminal nerve (A) controls chewing muscles, the facial nerve (C) is responsible for facial expressions and some swallowing muscles, and the hypoglossal nerve (D) controls the movement of the tongue during swallowing. Therefore, the vagus nerve is not directly involved in the efferent motor control of swallowing, making it the correct answer.
Which row shows the correct order of reactivity for the elements?
- A. silver, calcium, carbon, potassium
- B. silver, carbon, calcium, potassium
- C. sodium, hydrogen, zinc, gold
- D. sodium, zinc, hydrogen, gold
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct order of reactivity for elements is based on their tendency to lose electrons. In this case, sodium is the most reactive as it readily loses an electron to form a stable ion. Zinc is less reactive compared to sodium but more reactive than hydrogen and gold. Hydrogen is less reactive than both zinc and sodium. Gold is the least reactive among the options given. Therefore, the correct order of reactivity is sodium > zinc > hydrogen > gold, which matches option D. Choices A, B, and C do not follow the correct order of reactivity for the elements listed, making them incorrect.
The secretions from which of these glands differs between males and females?
- A. Adrenal
- B. Gonads
- C. Parathyroid
- D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gonads. Gonads are the primary reproductive organs, responsible for producing sex hormones and gametes. In males, the testes produce testosterone and sperm, while in females, the ovaries produce estrogen and eggs. Adrenal glands (A) produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which are not sex-specific. Parathyroid glands (C) regulate calcium levels in the body. Pancreas (D) produces insulin and digestive enzymes, unrelated to sex differences. Therefore, the secretion from gonads is the only one that differs between males and females due to their distinct reproductive functions.
We have an emergency clinical situation, which requires a drug to produce both bronchodilation and raise blood pressure. Which one of the following drugs can achieve these two goals?
- A. Atropine
- B. Adrenaline
- C. Isoproterenol
- D. Noradrenaline
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Adrenaline is a non-selective adrenergic agonist that acts on both alpha and beta receptors.
2. Activation of beta-2 receptors in the lungs causes bronchodilation.
3. Activation of alpha-1 receptors in blood vessels raises blood pressure.
4. Atropine (A) is a muscarinic antagonist, not adrenergic.
5. Isoproterenol (C) primarily targets beta receptors, not alpha for blood pressure.
6. Noradrenaline (D) mainly acts on alpha receptors, not beta for bronchodilation.
Which of the following are incorrectly paired?
- A. Gluconeogenesis : Cortisol
- B. Free fatty acid mobilization : Dehydroepiandrosterone
- C. Muscle glycogenolysis : Epinephrine
- D. Kaliuresis : Aldosterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because free fatty acid mobilization is primarily regulated by cortisol, not dehydroepiandrosterone. Cortisol promotes lipolysis and stimulates the release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue. Dehydroepiandrosterone is a precursor hormone mainly involved in sex hormone production and has minimal effects on free fatty acid mobilization. Choices A, C, and D are correctly paired as gluconeogenesis is stimulated by cortisol, muscle glycogenolysis is regulated by epinephrine, and kaliuresis is induced by aldosterone.