Nokea
The pain that a person with arterial insufficiency feels on exertion, which is relieved by rest, is
Correct Answer: intermittent claudication
Rationale: Intermittent claudication is a pain caused by ischemia when a person with arterial insufficiency exerts to the point that the tissues have inadequate oxygen-rich blood. The pain is relieved by rest.
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The nurse is treating a patient who had a pacemaker inserted 8 years ago for the correction of atrial fibrillation. Which diagnostic test may no longer be available to the patient because of this older model implanted device?
- A. MRI
- B. CT scan
- C. Thallium scan
- D. PET
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patients who have pacemakers placed in the last several years can have MRI testing without difficulty. A model that has been in place for some time might be affected by the large magnets in the MRI cabinet. In either case, the patient should always report the use of a pacemaker before having an MRI.
The plan of care for a patient recovering from hip surgery mentions prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which aspect of the plan of care addresses this concern?
- A. Massaging the calves of the leg twice daily
- B. Explaining the need for fluid restriction after surgery
- C. Assisting the patient to change positions frequently
- D. Encouraging the patient to take the anti-embolism stockings off at night for better sleep.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The plan of care to prevent deep vein thrombosis should mention changing positions, dorsiflexing the feet and rotating ankles every 2 to 4 hours. Massaging the calves of the leg is contraindicated, as the massage could loosen a blood clot. There is no need to restrict fluids. Removing the stockings off at night is not an appropriate intervention, because a DVT could form.
The nurse takes into consideration that age-related changes can affect the peripheral circulation because of which factor?
- A. sclerosed blood vessels.
- B. hypotension.
- C. inactivity.
- D. poor nutrition.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aging causes sclerotic changes in the blood vessels that lead to decreased elasticity and narrowing of the vessel lumen.
The nurse recognizes the echocardiogram report that shows an ejection factor of $42 \%$ as an indication of which situation?
- A. normal heart action.
- B. mild heart failure.
- C. moderate heart failure.
- D. severe heart failure.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An ejection fraction (cardiac output) of $42 \%$ indicates moderate heart failure.
The nurse notes a run of three ventricular contractions (PVC) that are not preceded by a P wave. This particular arrhythmia can progress into which complication?
- A. atrial fibrillation and possible emboli.
- B. sinus tachycardia and syncope.
- C. ventricular tachycardia and death.
- D. sinus bradycardia and fatigue.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: PVCs are capable of progressing into ventricular tachycardia and death.