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The patient has a total cholesterol of 190 with a high-density lipid (HDL) of 110 and a low-density lipid (LDL) of 80. The nurse reinforces which instruction?
- A. Good job! Continue with your low fat diet.
- B. These levels are borderline: you still aren't eating properly.
- C. The dietician will need to talk to you about lowering your cholesterol a lot more.
- D. Your cholesterol level needs to be lowered a great deal to improve your survival chances.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Total cholesterol of less than 200 is desirable. The higher the number of HDLs the better. A high number of LDLs puts the patient at risk for heart disease.
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The nurse outlines which as a condition that would disqualify a candidate for a heart transplant?
- A. Recent malignancy
- B. Dilated cardiomyopathy
- C. Peptic ulcer disease
- D. Diabetes type 2
- E. Severe obesity
- F. Inoperable coronary artery disease
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Contraindications for candidacy for cardiac transplant include recent malignancy, active peptic ulcer disease, severe obesity, diabetes type 1 with end-organ damage. Dilated cardiomyopathy and inoperable coronary artery disease are indications for transplant.
The nurse explains that the heart has the ability to contract in a rhythmic pattern that is called
Correct Answer: automaticity
Rationale: Automaticity is the special ability of the myocardium to contract in a rhythmic pattern.
Which assessment would lead the nurse to examine the leg closely for evidence of a stasis ulcer?
- A. Cool dry lower limb
- B. Darker, thick and toughened skin on medial surface of the leg
- C. Lack of hair and shiny appearance of the lower leg
- D. Lack of a pedal pulse
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Signs of a venous disorder include darker, thick and toughened skin. Venous disorders can lead to a stasis ulcer. Cool hairless limbs with absent or weak pedal pulses are indicative of arterial insufficiency.
The nurse identifies the 'lub' sound of the 'lub/dub' of the cardiac cycle as the sound of which event?
- A. AV valves closing.
- B. closure of the semilunar valves.
- C. contraction of the papillary muscles.
- D. contraction of the ventricles.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The lub is the first sound of a low pitch heard when the AV valves close.
When assessing a patient with a possible myocardial infarction (MI), which sign or symptom should the nurse assess for?
- A. Pain radiating to left arm and jaw
- B. Visual Hallucinations
- C. Pallor
- D. Diaphoresis
- E. Apprehension
- F. Dyspnea
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E,F
Rationale: Pain radiating to the left arm and jaw, pallor, diaphoresis, apprehension/anxiety and dyspnea are signs and symptoms present in patients with an MI.