Nokea
The pancreas:
- A. secretes steroids that are concerned with sugar, salt, and sex.
- B. is controlled by the adenohypophysis.
- C. secretes hormones that affect blood glucose levels.
- D. secretes iodine-containing hormones that regulate the basal metabolic rate.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why Choice C is correct:
1. The pancreas secretes hormones like insulin and glucagon.
2. Insulin lowers blood glucose levels, while glucagon raises them.
3. These hormones play a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels.
4. Disruption in their secretion can lead to diseases like diabetes.
Summary:
Choice A is incorrect because the pancreas does not secrete steroids related to sugar, salt, and sex. Choice B is incorrect because the pancreas is not controlled by the adenohypophysis. Choice D is incorrect because the pancreas does not secrete iodine-containing hormones that regulate the basal metabolic rate.
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Insulin:
- A. binds to GLUT 1-5 receptors in the peripheral tissues
- B. deficiency results in increased gluconeogenesis
- C. has a plasma half-life of 2-3 hours
- D. is secreted by the pancreatic A cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because insulin deficiency leads to increased gluconeogenesis due to the lack of inhibition on glucose production. Choice A is incorrect as insulin binds to GLUT 4 receptors, not GLUT 1-5. Choice C is wrong because insulin's half-life is only a few minutes. Choice D is also inaccurate as insulin is secreted by pancreatic beta cells, not A cells.
The patient has newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Which task should you delegate to the nursing assistant?
- A. Arrange consult with the dietitian for patient.
- B. Verify patient's insulin injection technique.
- C. Teach patient to use glucometer for monitoring glucose at home.
- D. Remind patient to check glucose level prior to each meal.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reminding the patient to check glucose level prior to each meal is a simple task that can be delegated to the nursing assistant.
Which of the following nerves is related to the medial surface of thyroid gland?
- A. External laryngeal nerve
- B. Hypoglossal nerve
- C. Internal laryngeal nerve
- D. Vagus nerve
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: External laryngeal nerve. This nerve runs along the medial surface of the thyroid gland, providing motor innervation to the cricothyroid muscle. The other choices are incorrect because: B: Hypoglossal nerve innervates the tongue, C: Internal laryngeal nerve supplies sensory innervation to the larynx, and D: Vagus nerve innervates various organs in the thorax and abdomen.
What is the effect of removing hawks on the number of grasshoppers and rabbits?
- A. no change, decreases
- B. decreases, increases
- C. decreases, no change
- D. increases, increases
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because removing hawks would lead to an increase in both grasshoppers and rabbits. Hawks are natural predators of both grasshoppers and rabbits. With fewer hawks preying on them, the populations of grasshoppers and rabbits would increase due to reduced predation pressure. Choice A is incorrect because the removal of hawks would lead to an increase in grasshoppers and rabbits, not no change. Choice B is incorrect because removing hawks would not cause a decrease in grasshoppers but rather an increase. Choice C is incorrect because the removal of hawks would actually result in an increase in the populations of both grasshoppers and rabbits, not no change.
The pituitary hormone that stimulates the male testis to produce sperm cells & stimulates the development of follicles in the females is:
- A. Growth hormone
- B. Leutenizing hormone
- C. Prolactin
- D. Follicle stimulating hormone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Follicle stimulating hormone. It stimulates the testes to produce sperm cells in males and promotes follicle development in females. Growth hormone (A) primarily regulates growth and metabolism. Leutenizing hormone (B) stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone production in males. Prolactin (C) is responsible for milk production in females.