Endocrine Review of Systems Questions

Endocrine Review of Systems Questions Related

Review Endocrine Review of Systems Questions related questions and content

The parathyroid glands maintain adequate levels of blood calcium. This is accomplished through ________.

  • A. blocking the action of growth hormone
  • B. targeting the bone and activating osteoclasts so that calcium will be released
  • C. antagonizing the synthesis of calcitonin
  • D. slowing the activity of tissues that require calcium for activity
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the parathyroid glands target the bone and activate osteoclasts to release calcium into the bloodstream. This process helps maintain adequate blood calcium levels. By activating osteoclasts, calcium is released from the bone into the blood, ensuring a balance of calcium levels.

A: Blocking the action of growth hormone is unrelated to the function of parathyroid glands in maintaining blood calcium levels.
C: Antagonizing the synthesis of calcitonin is not the primary mechanism through which parathyroid glands regulate blood calcium levels.
D: Slowing the activity of tissues that require calcium for activity would not help maintain adequate blood calcium levels as it does not address the direct release of calcium from bone by activating osteoclasts.

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Which gland secretes melatonin and is concerned with our biological rhythms?

  • A. Pancreas
  • B. Adenohypophysis
  • C. Pineal gland
  • D. Adrenal gland
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pineal gland. The pineal gland is responsible for secreting melatonin, a hormone that regulates our biological rhythms such as sleep-wake cycles. This gland is located in the brain and plays a crucial role in maintaining our circadian rhythm. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: The pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels, not melatonin.
B: The adenohypophysis, or anterior pituitary gland, secretes various hormones but not melatonin.
D: The adrenal gland produces hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, not melatonin.

A diabetic patient is found unconscious at home and a family member calls the clinic. After determining that a glucometer is not available, what should the nurse advise the family member to do?

  • A. Have the patient drink some orange juice.
  • B. Administer 10 U of regular insulin subcutaneously.
  • C. Call for an ambulance to transport the patient to a medical facility.
  • D. Administer glucagon 1 mg intramuscularly (IM) or subcutaneously.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: If the patient is unconscious and unable to swallow, glucagon should be administered to raise blood glucose levels safely.

Hormones are produced by which of the following systems?

  • A. Exocrine system
  • B. Digestive system
  • C. Endocrine system
  • D. Nervous system
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the Endocrine system. Hormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands and released into the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions. The exocrine system (A) secretes substances through ducts, not hormones. The digestive system (B) processes food and absorbs nutrients but does not produce hormones. The nervous system (D) controls body functions through electrical signals, not hormonal regulation. Therefore, the Endocrine system is the correct choice for hormone production.

Which is a water soluble vitamin?

  • A. D
  • B. B12
  • C. A
  • D. K
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: B12. B12 is a water-soluble vitamin because it dissolves in water and can be easily excreted through urine if taken in excess. It plays a crucial role in red blood cell formation and neurological function. Vitamins D, A, and K are fat-soluble vitamins, meaning they require fat for absorption and are stored in the body's fat tissues, making it harder to excrete excess amounts. This is why B12 is the only water-soluble vitamin among the choices.

A girl presents with delayed puberty, absent secondary sexual characteristics, and primary amenorrhea. She also appears to be hypertensive and hypokalemia. Which of the following enzymes is increased if there is virilization of a person?

  • A. 11b-Hydroxylase
  • B. 17a-Hydroxylase
  • C. 21b-Hydroxylase
  • D. Pyruvate Kinase
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 11b-Hydroxylase. In cases of virilization, increased androgen production occurs. 11b-Hydroxylase is involved in the synthesis of cortisol and aldosterone. When there is a deficiency in this enzyme, excess androgens are diverted towards the production of testosterone, leading to virilization. In contrast, choices B (17a-Hydroxylase) and C (21b-Hydroxylase) deficiencies result in decreased androgen production. Choice D, Pyruvate Kinase, is not related to steroid hormone synthesis. Therefore, the correct enzyme in this scenario is 11b-Hydroxylase.

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